Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age developments in the south-west Baltic area (2500-1500 BC): Why did the Bruszczewo-Leki Male type of power structures appear?

波罗的海西南部地区(从荷尔斯坦到大波兰)北方联盟文化(UC)的社会发展在权力结构的集聚方面具有重要意义。这一过程的原因仍然不清楚；特别是关于新石器时代晚期(LN)背景下早期青铜时代(EBA)社会发展的根源(如绳器和贝尔烧杯)。我们的波兰-德国对布鲁塞尔czzewo(大波兰的科西亚地区)的EBA设防定居点的研究证实，特定的、非常稳定的和创新的UC电力集聚存在了几个世纪，被表示为布鲁塞尔czzewo-Leki男性类型。然而，就像整个SWB地区一样，仍然无法解释它们的起源及其与以前占主导地位的社会文化现象的关系。我们的项目旨在实现两个主要的相互关联的目标。首先是确定LN社会的社会文化特征及其在SWB(宏观尺度)中构建UC身份的作用。第二是认识到这些角色在UC的科索沃群体中是如何可见的(微尺度)。虽然已经对布鲁兹泽沃进行了深入的研究，但仍有必要对列基男墓及其附近地区进行深入的调查(试掘和古环境分析)，以解释布鲁茨泽沃-列基男墓地的权力结构，这在南部非洲是独一无二的。实现项目目标的计划方法包括：物质文化研究、经济和社会空间研究以及环境研究。研究框架将分为5个模块。其中四项(博士或同等学历)涉及广泛的视角(SWB)，涉及：(1)考古植物学信息和地球考古档案的比较，(2)聚落考古学和社会空间：社会空间组织和经济的比较，(3)新石器晚期：绳纹器、钟形器和匕首时代组合的类型学和空间分析，(4)青铜时代早期：从东荷尔斯坦到库贾维瓦的选定地区，包括科斯西亚地区的结构比较的类型学和空间分析。第五个单元将涉及一个独特的案例研究，即联合大学的科索沃人群体。该项目及其模块将由德国-波兰团队实现，该团队在三个不同的长期科学项目框架内进行有效合作已有16年的悠久历史。

The social development of the Northern Unetice culture (UC) of the south-west Baltic area (SWB - from Holstein to Greater Poland) was highly significant regarding the agglomeration of power structures. Reasons for this process still remain unclear; especially concerning the roots of the development of Early Bronze Age (EBA) society against the backdrop of the Late Neolithic (LN) (e.g. Corded Ware and Bell Beakers). Our Polish-German research on the EBA fortified settlement in Bruszczewo (Koscian area in Greater Poland) confirmed that specific, very stable and innovative UC power agglomerations existed for centuries, denoted as the Bruszczewo-Leki Male type. However, just as for the entire SWB area, it is still not possible to explain their origins and relations to previously dominating socio-cultural phenomena. Our project aims to achieve two main interrelated goals. The first is to identify the socio-cultural character of LN societies and their role in the construction of UC identities in the SWB (macroscale). The second is to recognize how these roles are visible in the Koscian group of the UC (microscale). While intensive research was already conducted on Bruszczewo, intensified investigations on the Leki Male cemetery (analysis of archive finds) and its closest vicinity (test excavations and palaeoenvironmental analysis) are still necessary to explain the power structures of the Bruszczewo- Leki Male type, which are unique in the SWB. Planned methods to achieve the goals of the project include: material culture studies, studies on economies and social spaces as well as environmental research. The research framework will be divided into 5 modules. Four of them (PhD or equivalent) concern the wide perspective (SWB) and involve: (1) Comparisons of archaeobotanical information and geoarchaological archives, (2) Settlement Archaeology and Social Space: Comparisons of the organization of social space and the economy, (3) Late Neolithic: Typochronological and spatial analyses of Corded Ware, Bell Beaker and Dagger period assemblages, (4) Early Bronze Age: Typochronological and spatial analyses for a structural comparison of selected regions from East Holstein to Kujawia, including the Koscian area. The fifth module will concern a unique case study of the Koscian group of the UC. The project and its modules will be realized by the German-Polish team, which has a 16-year long history of effective cooperation within the framework of three different long-lasting scientific projects.