Exploring the association between perinatal maternal mental health, infant brain development and childhood mental health outcomes - a multi-context s

在怀孕期间或之后，多达20%的女性会经历精神健康问题，如抑郁和焦虑。产妇心理健康状况不佳可能会影响婴儿接受的照料以及婴儿与照料者的互动，对后代的结果产生深远影响，包括认知、社会、行为和情感发展，甚至精神病理2-4。在经历过围产期心理健康问题的母亲所生的孩子身上也观察到了生物学上的变化，包括皮质醇反应性升高5,6，以及涉及对压力、奖励敏感性和社会情感功能的认知情绪反应的大脑区域的结构和功能改变7-9。这样的改变可能会增加儿童发展精神病理的脆弱性。该项目将评估在英国和新加坡招募的典型和非典型发育儿童（2-11岁，2000年）的数据，这些数据从出生到整个童年在不同的时间点收集。这些数据包括大脑结构和功能的细节（通过磁共振成像或MRI获得）、围产期产妇心理健康、精神家族史、生活事件、养育方式以及儿童发展的几个方面，包括运动、语言、认知、心理健康和社会情感结果。对特定的大脑结构和功能改变如何影响围产期产妇心理健康和儿童早期发育之间已知联系的进一步了解，将阐明精神健康障碍跨代传播的机制。此外，在不同地理环境中，对孕产妇心理健康对儿童认知和行为的长期影响的研究，可能为具体情况的干预措施提供信息，以支持孕产妇心理健康，促进儿童发展，并促进母婴关系。采用全脑方法研究脑结构和功能连接改变在母亲精神疾病和儿童精神病理易感性之间的中介作用。参与者将是儿童，作为英国和新加坡大型纵向研究的一部分进行评估。这些项目包括：发育中的人类连接组项目（dHCP; http://www.developingconnectome.org/），该项目对1000多名婴儿从出生到18个月进行了随访；早产儿成像评估研究（epprime），该项目对500名在不同时间点出生的早产儿（妊娠<33周）进行了随访，直至10岁；https://www.gusto.sg)，该研究调查了1200名母亲和儿童，并对500名参与者进行了长达10个时间点的随访，直到他们10岁。这些研究收集了出生时（dHCP, primeme， GUSTO）和儿童期（primeme， GUSTO）、围产期产妇心理健康（如爱丁堡产前抑郁量表）、精神家族史、生活事件、父母教养方式和儿童发展（包括粗大和精细运动、语言、认知、行为和社会情感结果）的可比数据。

During or after pregnancy, up to 20% of women will experience mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety1. Poor maternal mental health is likely to affect the care that the infant receives as well as infant-carer interactions, with profound effects on offspring outcomes, including cognitive, social, behavioural and emotional development and even psychopathology2-4. Biological changes have also been observed in children of mothers who experienced perinatal mental health problems, including elevated cortisol reactivity5,6, and structural and functional alterations in brain regions involved in cognitive-emotional responses to stress, reward sensitivity and socio-emotional function7-9. Such alterations could contribute to increasing children's vulnerability to developing psychopathology. This project will evaluate data from typically and atypically developing children (age 2-11 years, n~2000), recruited in the UK and in Singapore, collected from birth and throughout childhood at different time points. These data include details of brain structure and function (obtained with magnetic resonance imaging or MRI), perinatal maternal mental health, psychiatric family history, life events, parenting style, and several aspects of child development including, motor, language, cognitive, mental health and socio-emotional outcomes. An increased understanding of how specific brain structural and functional alterations influence the known links between perinatal maternal mental health and early child development will elucidate the mechanisms underlying the transgenerational transmission of mental health disorders. Furthermore, the study of long-term effects of maternal mental health on child cognition and behaviour in diverse geographical settings may inform context-specific interventions to support maternal mental health and promote child development, as well as facilitate mother-infant relationships. To use a whole-brain approach to investigate brain structural and functional connectivity alterations as mediators between maternal mental ill-health and child vulnerability to developing psychopathology. Participants will be children assessed as part of large longitudinal studies in the UK and Singapore. These are the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP; http://www.developingconnectome.org/), which followed-up over 1000 infants from birth to age 18 months, the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging study (ePrime), which followed-up 500 children who were born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation) at various time points up to age 10, and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes study (GUSTO; https://www.gusto.sg), which investigated 1200 mothers and children and followed-up 500 participants up to ten time-points up to the age of 10. These studies have collected comparable data on MRI imaging at birth (dHCP, ePRIME, GUSTO) and in childhood (ePRIME, GUSTO), perinatal maternal mental health (e.g., Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale), psychiatric family history, life events, parenting style, and child development including gross and fine motor, language, cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional outcomes.