Identifying Environmental Factors for Soil Transmitted and Food Borne Helminth Diseases in Border Regions of Northern Thailand

确定泰国北部边境地区土壤传播和食源性蠕虫病的环境因素

• 批准号: 2889659
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2889659
• 关键词: Identifying; Environmental; Factors; Soil; Transmitted

Parasitic worm infections (helminthiases) of humans greatly impact low to medium income countries such as Thailand, by undermining health and agricultural productivity. Particularly across Southeast Asia, the expansion of urban areas and the movement of people from countries with less developed public health programs, have increased disease transmission. This project will investigate environmental influences on helminth disease transmission. Many emerging helminthiases are linked to the environment through increased contact between humans and animals, the intensification and integration of food production systems, and the expansion of migration [1]. Therefore, effective control and treatment of many helminth diseases would benefit from better integration of clinical, veterinary and agricultural components embedded in an environmentally-driven research strategy.Thailand is classified as an 'Upper Middle Income' Country. However due the nature of helminth diseases endemic sites are significantly impacted by border countries including Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar, all of which are classified as 'Least Developed' Countries. Our research team has recently established baseline human infection rates in three Thailand border regions, using highly sensitive molecular diagnostics. In the past the under-estimation of helminth infections in communities such as Thailand and our previous work in the Philippines [2], provides incomplete information for the development of government policy.The proposed project will use already established human prevalence data [3] to focus on specific locations and parasite species in endemic regions of Northern Thailand, so that environmental components of disease transmission can be identified. One class of parasites, soil transmitted helminths (STH), requires significant environmental contamination for effective disease transmission. Approximately 1.5 billion or quater of the world's population are infected by STH, including the main species of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm. Parasite eggs found in the soil or unwashed vegetables are the primary source of infection. Similarly, food borne diseases, including the cancer-causing Opisthorchis, are contracted by consuming uncooked fish, and are linked to water sources, and the interaction between snail and fish hosts. The student will spend considerable time in Thailand, collecting soil, vegetable and aquatic samples for diagnostics using traditional microscopy and more recently developed molecular analysis. Environmental foci of disease will be stratified using spatial modelling (GIS geographical information system) to demonstrating the importance of food and geography, in helminth disease transmission. Earth observation data will be used to build GIS layers of climatic and other relevant environmental factors, and enable intervention strategies to be assessed against likely future changes. Identification of environmental components of disease transmission will lead to predictive models for better informed government control policies. [1] Gordon CA, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gray DJ, Gobert GN: The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections: The Impact of Urbanization, Climate Change and Globalization. Adv Parasitol 2016, 91:311-397.[2] Gordon CA, McManus DP, Acosta LP, Olveda RM, Williams GM, Ross AG, Gray DJ, Gobert GN: Multiplex real-time PCR monitoring of intestinal helminths in humans reveals widespread polyparasitism in Northern Samar, the Philippines. Int J Parasitol 2015, 45(7):477-483.[3] Adisakwattana P, Yoonuan T, Phuphisut O, Poodeepiyasawat A, Homsuwan N, Gordon CA, McManus DP, Atkinson LE, Mousley A, Gobert GN: Clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions show elevated prevalence levels using qPCR diagnostics combined with traditional microscopic methods. Parasit Vectors 2020, 13(1):416.

人类的寄生蠕虫感染（Helminthiases）通过破坏健康和农业生产力，极大地影响了泰国等中等收入国家。尤其是在整个东南亚，城市地区的扩张以及从具有较不发展公共卫生计划的国家的人们的行动增加了疾病的传播。该项目将调查对蠕虫疾病传播的环境影响。许多新兴的蠕虫通过人类与动物之间的接触，粮食生产系统的强化和整合以及迁移的扩展与环境有关[1]。因此，对许多蠕虫疾病的有效控制和治疗将受益于嵌入在环境驱动的研究策略中的临床，兽医和农业组成部分的更好整合。Thailand被归类为“中等收入”国家。然而，由于柬埔寨，老挝和缅甸等边境国家的蠕虫性疾病的性质受到了极大的影响，所有这些国家都被归类为“最不发达”的国家。我们的研究团队最近使用高度敏感的分子诊断机构在三个泰国边境地区建立了基线人类感染率。过去，泰国等社区和我们先前在菲律宾的工作[2]中对蠕虫感染的估计不足，为政府政策的制定提供了不完整的信息。拟议的项目将使用已经建立的人类普遍性数据[3]，以专注于北部泰国北部地区的特定地点和寄生虫物种，因此可以识别泰国北部地区的特殊区域。一类寄生虫，土壤传播的蠕虫（STH）需要严重的环境污染，以进行有效的疾病传播。世界人口的大约15亿或四季度被STH感染，包括Ascaris，Trichuris和钩虫的主要物种。在土壤中发现的寄生虫卵或未洗的蔬菜是感染的主要来源。同样，包括引起癌症的蛋白石在内的食物传播疾病是通过食用未煮过的鱼而签约的，并且与水源有关，以及蜗牛和鱼宿主之间的相互作用。该学生将在泰国花费大量时间，收集土壤，蔬菜和水生样品，以使用传统显微镜和最近开发的分子分析来诊断。将使用空间建模（GIS地理信息系统）对疾病的环境焦点进行分层，以证明食物和地理的重要性，在蠕虫疾病传播中。地球观察数据将用于建立气候和其他相关环境因素的GIS层，并能够评估干预策略，以防止未来的变化。鉴定疾病传播的环境组成部分将导致预测模型，以获得更好的政府控制政策。 [1] Gordon CA，McManus DP，Jones MK，Gray DJ，Gobert GN：外来人畜共患蠕虫蠕虫感染的增加：城市化，气候变化和全球化的影响。 Adv Parasitol 2016，91：311-397。[2] Gordon CA，McManus DP，Acosta LP，Olveda RM，Williams GM，Ross AG，​​Gray DJ，Gobert GN：人类对肠命中的多重实时PCR监测，揭示了菲律宾北部萨马尔的广泛的多型多体现。 Int J Parasitol 2015，45（7）：477-483。[3] Adisakwattana P，Yoonuan T，Phuphisut O，Poodeepiyasawat A，Homsuwan N，Gordon CA，McManus DP，Atkinson LE，Mousley A，Gobert GN：使用QPCR诊断的Thailand Borderions的临床Helminthiases在Thailand边境地区表现出较高的预期水平，这些杂志与传统的临床诊断相结合。寄生载体2020，13（1）：416。