Maximising urban green infrastructure for surface water flood management: an evidence-based approach

城市洪灾是由暴雨引起的，是一个日益严重的全球性挑战。许多城市正在重新考虑他们的洪水风险管理方法，使用绿色基础设施(GI)和基于自然的解决方案(NBS)来补充传统的硬工程方法。GI、NBS和可持续排水系统(SODS)是一系列创新和新颖的解决方案和/或技术，使水文响应更接近城市化前的条件。通常很难确定SUDS的有效性，这既取决于风暴事件的规模，也取决于干预的空间规模。此外，没有对SUDS计划的成功和失败进行常规监测。因此，很难确定肥皂水是否为管理城市洪灾提供了可持续的解决方案。我们需要收集强有力的证据基础，以最大限度地利用城市绿色基础设施。IAPETUS2博士项目将通过开发开创性的解决方案来解决这一关键的研究空白，以回答绿色基础设施和城市洪水风险管理领域的关键研究问题。该博士项目将专注于现场监测数据的收集、分析和解释，以评估和最大化绿色基础设施的生物保留性能。该项目将涉及爱丁堡赫里奥特-瓦特大学校区和爱丁堡市内的新型实验室和现场实验的设计、调试和分析。PHD还将利用英国国家绿色基础设施(NGIF)的两台完全委托的、最先进的仪表式植物生物阻力细胞蒸渗仪，并有机会对这些系统进行离散的实验测试。此外，还有利用水力-水文模型方法(即SWMM、Hydrus-1D等)补充和推广实地方法的余地。了解国家统计局在更大范围内的影响。该项目将主要侧重于减少地表水流动(即减少洪水风险)，但该项目也可考虑肥皂水对水质、生物多样性和公共设施的影响。成功的候选人将在Heriot-Watt大学的爱丁堡校区工作，并将被要求每两个月访问位于泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的NGIF进行实验监测、维护和数据收集。将有机会与国际利益攸关方和合作伙伴合作，实现国家统计局在不同区域/气候下的潜力。

Urban flooding is caused by heavy rainfall and is a growing global challenge. Many cities are rethinking their approach to flood risk management by using green infrastructure (GI) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to complement traditional hard engineered approaches. GI, NbS and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are a series of innovative and novel solutions and/or techniques to bring hydrological responses closer to pre-urbanised conditions. It is often difficult to determine the effectiveness of SuDS and this depends on both the magnitude of storm events and the spatial scale of the intervention. Further, monitoring of the successes and failures of SuDS schemes is not routinely conducted. Thus, it can be difficult to determine whether SuDS provide a sustainable solution to manage urban flooding. We need to collect a strong evidence base to maximise urban green infrastructure. This IAPETUS2 PhD project will address this critical research gap through the development of pioneering solutions to answer critical research questions within the field of green infrastructure and urban flood risk management. This PhD project will focus on the collection, analysis and interpretation of fieldmonitored data to assess and maximise bioretention performance of green infrastructure. The project will involve the design, commissioning and analysis of novel laboratory and field experiments based at Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh campus and within the City of Edinburgh. The PhD will also leverage two fullycommissioned, state-of-the-art instrumented vegetated bioretention cell lysimeters based at the UKCRIC National Green Infrastructure Facility (NGIF), with the opportunity to conduct discrete experimental tests on these systems. Further, there is scope to complement and upscale field approaches using hydraulic-hydrological modelling approaches (i.e. SWMM, HYDRUS-1D, etc.) to understand the impact of NbS at larger scales. This project will focus predominantly on the attenuation of surface water flows (i.e. flood risk reduction), but the project may also consider the influence of SuDS on water quality, biodiversity and public amenity. The successful candidate will be based at Heriot-Watt University's Edinburgh campus and will be required to visit the NGIF in Newcastle-upon-Tyne for experimental monitoring, maintenance and data collection approximately every 2- months. There will be opportunities to collaborate with international stakeholders and partners to realise the potential of NbS within different regions/climates.