Group and Individual Differences in Audition

试镜中的群体和个体差异

基本信息

批准号：
7142618
负责人：
DENNIS MCFADDEN
金额：
$ 48.57万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1979
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1979-12-01 至 2011-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to better understand certain individual and group differences in audition. One of the group differences of interest is sex differences. Many auditory measures-some physiological and some behavioral (psychophysical)-exhibit large sex differences. Among the former are otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), which are sounds produced by the inner ear. Because sex differences exist in the OAEs of infants and children as well as in adults, they must originate, at least in part, during prenatal development. Because many other sex differences in body, brain, and behavior are known to be produced by differential exposure to androgens during prenatal development, the implication is that the sex differences in OAEs also are produced by differential androgen exposure. One goal of the planned research is to determine exactly what the large sex and individual differences in OAEs mean for performance on various psychophysical tasks. For example, what psychophysical tasks benefit from strong OAEs? Along with young-adult listeners having normal hearing, monozygotic (MZ) female twins and opposite-sex dizygotic (OSDZ) female twins will be tested because these special populations have been shown to have atypically strong and weak OAEs, respectively. This work is relevant to public health because knowledge of the relationships between physiological and psychophysical measures of hearing will reveal what aspects of auditory perception will be impaired in a person (say, an infant) having weak OAEs, and that information should eventually be beneficial during intervention. Also, this work is in accord with the primary goal of modern neuroscience which is to learn more about the relationships between physiological measures and behavior. These studies also will provide additional evidence on the implication that the inner ear can be affected by exposure to androgens early in development. In one of the planned studies, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs)-another physiological measure exhibiting sex differences-will be measured in children having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have already shown that some of these children have OAEs suggesting that they were exposed to high levels of androgens at some point early in development, and it is important to know if AEP measures confirm this finding. If so, theory, diagnosis, treatment, and nosology for ADHD could be affected.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解试听中的某些个人和群体差异。感兴趣的群体差异之一是性别差异。许多听觉衡量的是一些生理学和某些行为（心理物理） - 探讨较大的性别差异。前者中有耳声排放（OAE），是由内耳产生的。由于婴儿，儿童以及成年人的OAE存在性别差异，因此至少在产前发育过程中必须部分起源。由于已知在产前发育过程中接触雄激素的差异会产生许多其他性别，大脑和行为的性别差异，因此这意味着OAES中的性别差异也是由差异雄激素暴露产生的。计划研究的目标之一是准确确定OAE中的性别和个体差异对各种心理物理任务的表现意味着什么。例如，哪些心理物理任务受益于强大的OAE？除了正常听力，单卵（MZ）雌性双胞胎和异性外粘性（OSDZ）雌性双胞胎的年轻听众外，还将进行测试，因为这些特殊种群已被证明分别具有非典型和弱的OAE。这项工作与公共卫生有关，因为对听力的生理和心理物理措施之间的关系的了解将揭示一个人（例如，一个婴儿）oaes弱的听觉感知的各个方面会受到损害，并且该信息最终在干预过程中应有益。同样，这项工作符合现代神经科学的主要目标，即更多地了解生理措施和行为之间的关系。这些研究还将提供其他证据，证明内耳可能会在发育早期受到雄激素的影响。在一项计划的研究中，听觉诱发的电位（AEP） - 另一个表现出性别差异的生理措施将在患有注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）的儿童中衡量。我们已经表明，其中一些孩子有OAE，表明他们在开发的早期某个时候就暴露于高水平的雄激素，重要的是要知道AEP是否措施是否证实了这一发现。如果是这样，可能会影响ADHD的理论，诊断，治疗和疾病。