Promoting Resourcefulness in Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren

描述（由申请人提供）：这项R21探索性研究补助金的目标是试点测试和完善一种适应性干预措施，向抚养孙子孙女的祖母传授个人和社会足智多谋技能。足智多谋的训练（RT）干预有很强的理论基础，并开始有经验证据表明，它的有效性，在减少压力，减少抑郁症状，并促进最佳生活质量的人群以外的祖母抚养孙子。这项研究将提供数据，以确定必要性，可接受性，可行性，保真度，安全性和有效性的两种创新设计的方法RT的背景下，一个小的随机对照试验，100名祖母抚养孙子。在两种RT方法中教授相同的个人（自助）和社会（寻求帮助）足智多谋技能;然而，一种方法使用表达性写作（EW）来练习技能，另一种方法使用口头披露（VD）。这两种方法的效果将与EW和VD无RT和注意力控制条件进行比较。根据足智多谋理论，将比较治疗的结果包括感知压力，负面情绪和抑郁认知（四周干预期后立即），个人和社会足智多谋（干预后6周）以及抑郁症状和生活质量指标（干预后12周）。定量和定性数据将用于试点测试和未来的RT干预措施的完善。将讨论以下三个具体目标。第一个目的是检查RT-EW和RT-VD的效果，与EW，VD和控制条件的结果相比，预期会受到影响的数据点规定的资源理论。第二个目的是检查治疗条件（RT-EW，RT-VD，EW，VD和对照）对7项研究结果的影响是否受到相关背景因素的影响，包括祖母，孙子的特征和抚养情况。最后，因为文献表明，并不是所有的祖母都不堪重负或有压力，而且以前的研究表明，10%的祖母在基线时可能非常足智多谋，不需要RT，第三个目标是分析来自随机选择的非常足智多谋的祖母的EW或VD的定性数据，为改进RT和设计提高生活质量的替代方法提供额外的信息。祖母照顾孙子。这些干预措施一旦确立，将有助于促进越来越多的照顾孙辈的祖母发挥最佳和健康的作用，使她们能够继续为孙辈提供适当的照顾，避免将儿童安置在机构或寄养。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this R21 exploratory research grant is to pilot test and refine an adapted intervention that teaches personal and social resourcefulness skills to grandmothers raising grandchildren. The resourcefulness training (RT) intervention has strong theoretical grounding, and there is beginning empirical evidence for its effectiveness in reducing stress, minimizing depressive symptoms, and promoting optimal quality of life for populations other than grandmothers raising grandchildren. This study will provide data for determining the necessity, acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, safety, and effectiveness of two innovatively designed methods of RT within the context of a small randomized controlled trial with 100 grandmothers raising grandchildren. The same personal (self-help) and social (help-seeking) resourcefulness skills are taught within both RT methods; however, one method uses expressive writing (EW) for practicing the skills and the other uses verbal disclosure (VD). The effects of these two methods will be compared with EW and VD without RT and with an attention only control condition. Based on Resourcefulness Theory, outcomes on which the treatments will be compared include perceived stress, negative emotions, and depressive cognitions (immediately after the four week intervention period), personal and social resourcefulness (6 weeks post-intervention), and depressive symptoms and quality of life indicators (12 weeks post-intervention). Both quantitative and qualitative data will be used for the pilot testing and future refinement of the RT interventions. Three specific aims will be addressed as follows. The first aim is to examine the effects of RT-EW and RT-VD in comparison with EW, VD, and the control condition on outcomes that are expected to be affected at data points specified by Resourcefulness Theory. The second aim is to examine whether the effects of the treatment conditions (RT-EW, RT-VD, EW, VD, and control) on the seven study outcomes are influenced by relevant contextual factors, including characteristics of the grandmother, her grandchild, and the caregiving situation. Finally, because the literature suggests that not all grandmothers are overwhelmed or stressed and previous studies suggest that 10% of the grandmothers may be highly resourceful at baseline and not need RT, the third aim is to analyze qualitative data from EW or VD on randomly selected highly resourceful grandmothers to provide additional information for refining the RT and designing alternative methods for enhancing the quality of life of grandmothers caring for grandchildren. Once established, such interventions will be useful in promoting optimal, healthy functioning among the growing population of grandmothers caring for grandchildren so that they can continue to provide adequate care for their grandchildren and avoid placement of the child in an institution or foster care.