Improving the spatial resolution of ultrasonic imaging using coded excitation

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的长期目标是开发一种新技术，该技术将显著提高医学超声成像和定量超声（QUS）成像的诊断能力。介绍了一种新的技术，分辨率增强压缩（REC）技术，使现有的超声波源，以增加其有效带宽，从而提高轴向分辨率，并提供了显着增加的回波信噪比（eSNR）。该技术不需要构建新的超声波源，并且可以允许传统换能器在带宽方面与cMUT设备竞争。该提案中的创新将通过增加系统的轴向分辨率和带宽来大大改善传统的超声成像。提高的分辨率将允许更小的结构被成像，从而提高诊断能力。此外，eSNR的增加导致超声成像系统的穿透深度更大。最后，增加的带宽可用于通过频率复合技术进一步提高对比度分辨率（CR）。类似地，更大带宽的成像系统将极大地改进QUS成像技术。较大的带宽导致频谱估计的较小方差（即，e.散射体尺寸），这又表明组织将更易于用QUS成像技术区分。初步数据表明该方法是可行的，但必须通过一组可量化的指标对图像质量进行全面测试，以确定REC技术提供的真正临床受益。为了开发这种用于超声成像的技术并满足这一长期目标，提出了两个具体目标。第一个具体目标是检查使用REC技术来提高传统超声成像的轴向分辨率、eSNR和CR。通过REC技术对传统超声成像的改善将通过几个图像质量指标进行量化：eSNR、调制传递函数、通过对比度噪声比的CR和主瓣旁瓣比。第二个具体的目标是量化的散射体属性（QUS）的光谱估计使用传统的脉冲技术和REC技术的改进。通过REC技术对QUS成像的改善将通过几个质量指标进行量化：可用带宽、估计方差和估计偏倚。将使用REC技术对具有高对比度和低对比度目标和模拟的组织模拟体模进行测量，并与使用传统脉冲技术的测量进行比较。将量化聚焦、相位畸变和衰减对REC技术性能的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of the proposed research is to develop a new technology that will significantly improve the diagnostic capabilities of medical ultrasonic imaging and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging. A novel technique, the resolution enhancement compression (REC) technique, is introduced that enables existing ultrasonic sources to increase their effective bandwidth, thereby improving axial resolution, and also providing a significant increase to the echo signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR). The technique does not require new ultrasonic sources to be constructed and could allow conventional transducers to compete with cMUT devices in terms of bandwidth. The innovations in this proposal will greatly improve conventional ultrasonic imaging by increasing the axial resolution and bandwidth of the system. The improved resolution will allow smaller structures to be imaged leading to improved diagnostic capabilities. In addition, the increase in eSNR leads to greater depth of penetration for ultrasonic imaging systems. Finally, the increased bandwidth can be used to further improve contrast resolution (CR) with frequency compounding techniques. Similarly, QUS imaging techniques would be greatly improved by larger bandwidth imaging systems. Larger bandwidth leads to smaller variance in spectral estimates (i. e. scatterer size) which in turn suggests that tissues will be more differentiable with QUS imaging techniques. Preliminary data suggests the approach is feasible, but a thorough testing of image quality through a set of quantifiable metrics must be examined to determine the true clinical benefits offered by the REC technique. To develop this technology for ultrasonic imaging and meet this long term goal two specific aims are proposed. The first specific aim is to examine the use of the REC technique to improve axial resolution, eSNR, and CR of conventional ultrasonic imaging. The improvement in conventional ultrasonic imaging through the REC technique will be quantified through several image quality metrics: the eSNR, modulation transfer function, CR through the contrast-to-noise ratio, and mainlobe-sidelobe ratios. The second specific aim is to quantify the improvement in spectral estimates of scatterer properties (QUS) using conventional pulsing techniques and the REC technique. The improvement in QUS imaging through the REC technique will be quantified through several quality metrics: the useable bandwidth, estimate variance, and estimate bias. Measurements on tissue mimicking phantoms with high and low contrast targets and simulations will be conducted using the REC technique and compared with measurements using conventional pulsing techniques. Effects of focusing, phase aberration and attenuation on performance of the REC technique will be quantified.