Neural circuitry plasticity resulting from saccadic practice in schizophrenia

精神分裂症扫视练习导致的神经回路可塑性

• 批准号: 7197708
• 负责人: JENNIFER E MCDOWELL
• 金额: $ 7.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-05 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7197708
• 关键词: Affect; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Complex; Cues; Daily; Data; Environment; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Image; Interest Group; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Life; Manuscripts; Measures; Mediating; Motor; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences; Numbers; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Pre-Post Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Process; Rate; Recovery of Function; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Role; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stimulus; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; Visit; Wisconsin; base; behavior test; executive function; experience; improved; interest; neural circuit; neuromechanism; oculomotor; response; skills; week trial

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding how the brain changes as a result of use has implications for researchers studying topics as diverse as learning a new skill, to functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. Experience with a task can lead to changes in performance and in the underlying neural circuitry. Like other motor tasks, saccadic tasks are malleable and are affected by practice. Practicing anti-saccades (glances toward the mirror image of a peripheral stimulus) results in a decrease of anti-saccade errors. In contrast, practicing pro-saccades (glances toward a peripheral stimulus) can result in an increase in the number of direction errors on the anti-saccade task (Dyckman & McDowell, 2005). These behavioral changes provide a template for determining how neural pathways supporting pro- and anti-saccade performance may be modified across time. The putative role of prefrontal cortex in mediating anti-saccade performance, as well as the documented hypofrontality and poor anti-saccade performance among schizophrenia subjects, suggests that manipulating anti-saccade performance in subjects with schizophrenia may be particularly informative. The overall aim of this research proposal is to understand practice-based neural plasticity among normal and schizophrenia subjects. Subjects in this study will take part in a two-week trial. Pro- and anti-saccade performance will be tested in the fMRI environment at 3 time points: 1) Pre-Test, 2) Mid-Test, and 3) Post- Test. Between the test sessions, subjects will visit the eye movement laboratory daily (8 time points) to practice either pro- or anti-saccade tasks. It is hypothesized that both normal and schizophrenia subjects will improve on anti-saccade performance after practicing anti-saccades. Changes in neural circuitry across time will differ between the two groups. Initially schizophrenia subjects will show decreased anti-saccade associated prefrontal cortex activity compared to normal subjects. After practice, anti-saccade improvement among the schizophrenia subjects will be accompanied by an increase in prefrontal cortex activity. Normal subjects, however, will show a practice-related decrease in prefrontal cortex activity as the anti-saccades become more automatic and less effortful to perform. The manner in which schizophrenia subjects' brains differ from normal subjects' brains in their response to practice may have important implications for understanding the durability of and mechanisms supporting functional rehabilitation within this group.

描述（由申请人提供）：了解大脑如何因使用而发生变化，对于研究从学习新技能到创伤性脑损伤后功能恢复等各种主题的研究人员具有重要意义。任务经验可能会导致表现和底层神经回路的变化。与其他运动任务一样，扫视任务是可塑的并且受到练习的影响。练习反扫视（扫视周围刺激的镜像）可以减少反扫视错误。相反，练习亲眼跳（看向外围刺激）可能会导致反眼跳任务中方向错误的数量增加（Dyckman＆McDowell，2005）。这些行为变化提供了一个模板，用于确定支持前眼跳和反眼跳表现的神经通路如何随着时间的推移而改变。前额叶皮层在调节抗眼跳表现中的假定作用，以及精神分裂症受试者中额叶功能低下和较差的抗眼跳表现的记录表明，操纵精神分裂症受试者的抗眼跳表现可能特别有用。本研究提案的总体目标是了解正常人和精神分裂症受试者基于实践的神经可塑性。这项研究的受试者将参加为期两周的试验。促眼跳和抗眼跳性能将在 3 个时间点在 fMRI 环境中进行测试：1) 测试前、2) 测试中和 3) 测试后。在测试期间，受试者将每天（8 个时间点）访问眼动实验室，练习支持或反对眼跳任务。据推测，正常人和精神分裂症受试者在练习抗眼跳后，其抗眼跳表现都会得到改善。两组之间神经回路随时间的变化会有所不同。最初，与正常受试者相比，精神分裂症受试者会表现出抗眼跳相关的前额皮质活动减少。练习后，精神分裂症受试者的抗眼跳能力的改善将伴随着前额皮质活动的增加。然而，正常受试者会表现出与练习相关的前额叶皮层活动减少，因为反眼跳变得更加自动且更容易执行。精神分裂症受试者的大脑在对实践的反应方面与正常受试者的大脑不同，这可能对于理解该群体功能康复的持久性和支持机制具有重要意义。