Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Human Health in China

中国空气污染与人体健康流行病学研究

• 批准号: 7252790
• 负责人: Tongzhang Zheng
• 金额: $ 14.13万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2012-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7252790
• 关键词: Address; Air; Air Pollution; Automobiles; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; China; Chinese People; Cities; Coal; Collaborations; Deterioration; Diet; Economic Development; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Impact; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Grant; Growth; Health; Health Professional; Human; Indoor Air Pollution; Institutes; Life Style; Living Standards; Numbers; Physical activity; Policies; Pollution; Population; Population Study; Public Health Schools; Purpose; Rate; Reliance; Research; Research Project Grants; Safety; Scientist; Series; Standards of Weights and Measures; Time; Training; Travel; Water Pollution; base; climate change; consumer product; design; greenhouse gases

"China?s economy ranks 3rd in the world and is growing at a rate three times the world average. Accompanying this rapid economic development are severe and rapidly growing environmental problems (outdoor and indoor air pollution, water pollution, etc.), and profound changes in life style (diet, physical activity, consumer product use, etc.). China has 16 of the world?s 20 most polluted cities, with concentrations orders of magnitude above acceptable air quality standards which contribute to an estimated 400,000 deaths/year. The rapid increase in number of automobiles, vehicle miles traveled and reliance on coal to fuel industrial growth will only increase pollution levels and have an even greater health impact. The severe environmental deterioration which can have major global impacts through emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change and through large scale transport of pollution. As the standard of living increases and the quality of the environment deteriorates there is a growing recognition and concern among China?s leaders that the adverse health effects associated with these changes has to be addressed. A formal collaboration between Yale and China through the Fogarty training grant has enable us to address this challenge in two ways: 1) design and launch a series of longitudinal and cross-sectional population studies to assess the impact of current levels of environmental pollution, particularly air pollution, and life-styles on health and to project the likely impact of either continued deterioration or effectiveness of potential policy to ease the health impact; and, 2) training environmental health professionals to design and conduct studies to assess the impact of the environmental and life-style changes. Currently, the scientists from the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) and the Chinese National Institute for Environmental Health & Related Product Safety (IEHS), Chinese Centers for Disease Prevention and Controls (Chinese CDCs) have initiated several research projects with the purpose to undertake population-based studies of the association between environmental factors and health in China. Specific efforts currently underway in research include: "

“中国？中国经济排名世界第三，增长速度是世界平均水平的三倍。 伴随着这种快速经济发展的是严重和迅速增长的环境问题（室外和室内空气污染、水污染等），以及生活方式（饮食、体育活动、消费品使用等）的深刻变化。 中国有16个世界？20个污染最严重的城市，浓度超过可接受的空气质量标准，估计每年造成40万人死亡。 汽车数量、车辆行驶里程的迅速增加以及工业增长对煤炭的依赖只会增加污染程度，对健康的影响更大。严重的环境恶化，通过排放导致气候变化的温室气体和大规模的污染物运输，可能产生重大的全球影响。 随着生活水平的提高和环境质量的恶化，中国人越来越认识到这一点，并对此表示关注。美国的领导人认为，与这些变化相关的不利健康影响必须得到解决。 耶鲁大学和中国通过福格蒂培训基金正式合作，使我们能够通过两种方式应对这一挑战：1）设计和开展一系列纵向和横向人口研究，以评估当前环境污染水平，特别是空气污染的影响，和生活方式对健康的影响，并预测继续恶化或减轻健康影响的潜在政策的有效性可能产生的影响;以及2）培训环境卫生专业人员设计和进行研究，以评估环境和生活方式变化的影响。 目前，来自耶鲁大学公共卫生学院（YSPH）和中国国家环境卫生与相关产品安全研究所（IEHS），中国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）的科学家已经启动了几个研究项目，目的是在中国开展基于人群的环境因素与健康之间关系的研究。 目前正在进行的具体研究工作包括： "