Multispecies competition, indirect effects, and invasion in mosquito communities

蚊子群落中的多物种竞争、间接影响和入侵

• 批准号: 7303500
• 负责人: STEVEN A JULIANO
• 金额: $ 21.45万
• 依托单位: ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7303500
• 关键词: Aedes; Affect; American; Communities; Condition; Culex (Genus); Culex pipiens; Culicidae; Ecology; Encephalitis; Exclusion; Future; Goals; Habitats; Health; Human; Invaded; Invasive; Laboratories; Life; Mediating; Medical; Methods; Nature; North America; Numbers; Ochlerotatus; Pattern; Population; Population Dynamics; Positioning Attribute; Probability; Process; Public Health; Recreation; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Role playing therapy; Sampling; Site; Structure; System; Testing; West Nile viral; Work; community organizations; design; human disease; research study; success; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Container-dwelling mosquitoes are medically important, with Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus, among others, acting as vectors of human diseases. Arrivals in North America of successive invasive container mosquitoes, including, among others Aedes albopictus, and more recently Ochlerotatus japonicus, are important because these species can act as vectors, but also because they alter the organization of the community and in so doing may have indirect impacts on human disease. Understanding the ecology of container communities and their invaders will be a valuable tool for understanding how, where, and when mosquitoes in these human-associated habitats may become health threats. To understand how multispecies assemblages of interacting mosquitoes may affect one another directly and indirectly, and the consequences of those effects for vector populations, this project has 3 specific aims. Specific aim 1 is to determine the roles of direct and indirect effects among competing species of Aedes and Ochlerotatus. We will use a statistical design for detecting indirect effects in a laboratory experiment involving 4 species to test the hypothesis that indirect effects of competing species affect mosquito population dynamics. In a related field experiment, we will use a similar design to test the hypothesis that in nature, direct and indirect effects of competing species affect probability of successful invasion of container communities by non- native species. Specific aim 2 is to determine the importance of a trade-off between competitive and colonization success as a mechanism of species coexistence in container communities. We will test two predictions of the hypothesis that coexistence among Aedes and Ochlerotatus species results from a tradeoff between competitive and colonization abilities: Prediction 1 is that there is a competitive hierarchy among Aedes and Ochlerotatus species. This will be tested in a set of laboratory competition experiments. Prediction 2 is that species' abilities to colonize vacant sites are negatively correlated with their positions in this competitive hierarchy. We will test this prediction using a field experiment designed to quantify colonization ability of container mosquitoes. Specific aim 3 is to determine the competitive effects occurring between the two major multispecies groups of container-dwelling mosquitoes: Aedes + Ochlerotatus vs. Culex. We will develop methods for exclusion of Aedes + Ochlerotatus and use those methods to test the hypothesis that asymmetrical direct and indirect interactions between these two groups result in Aedes + Ochlerotatus presence reducing local populations of Culex. Container-dwelling mosquitoes can be a significant public health problem because many of these species are vectors of human disease (e.g., La Crosse Encephalitis, West Nile Viral Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis), and because these containers often occur in close proximity to the places people live, work, and take recreation. This project investigates the effects that these mosquitoes have on one another, how those effects may influence the population dynamics of these species, and whether nonnative species can invade container communities. By investigating the structure and function of this entire community of mosquitoes, we will gain a better understanding of current and future public health threats from these vectors,

描述（由申请人提供）：容器中的蚊子在医学上具有重要意义，其中白纹伊蚊、三纹伊蚊、淡色库蚊/致倦库蚊等是人类疾病的媒介。入侵性容器蚊子（包括白纹伊蚊和最近的日本赭蚊）连续抵达北美非常重要，因为这些物种可以充当媒介，而且还因为它们改变了群落的组织，从而可能对人类疾病产生间接影响。了解容器群落及其入侵者的生态将成为了解这些与人类相关的栖息地中的蚊子如何、在何处以及何时可能成为健康威胁的宝贵工具。为了了解相互作用的蚊子的多物种组合如何直接和间接地相互影响，以及这些影响对媒介种群的影响，该项目有 3 个具体目标。具体目标 1 是确定伊蚊和 Ochlerotatus 竞争物种之间直接和间接影响的作用。我们将在涉及 4 个物种的实验室实验中使用统计设计来检测间接影响，以检验竞争物种的间接影响影响蚊子种群动态的假设。在相关的野外实验中，我们将使用类似的设计来检验这样的假设：在自然界中，竞争物种的直接和间接影响会影响非本地物种成功入侵容器群落的概率。具体目标 2 是确定竞争与殖民成功之间权衡的重要性，作为容器群落中物种共存的机制。我们将检验以下假设的两个预测：伊蚊和 Ochlerotatus 物种之间的共存是竞争能力和定植能力之间权衡的结果： 预测 1 是伊蚊和 Ochlerotatus 物种之间存在竞争等级。这将在一组实验室竞赛实验中进行测试。预测 2 是，物种在空位上定居的能力与其在竞争等级中的位置呈负相关。我们将使用旨在量化容器蚊子定植能力的现场实验来测试这一预测。具体目标 3 是确定两个主要多物种容器栖息蚊子之间发生的竞争效应：伊蚊 + 赭蚊与库蚊。我们将开发排除伊蚊 + 赭蚊的方法，并使用这些方法来检验以下假设：这两个群体之间不对称的直接和间接相互作用导致伊蚊 + 赭蚊的存在减少当地库蚊种群。居住在容器中的蚊子可能是一个严重的公共卫生问题，因为其中许多物种是人类疾病的媒介（例如拉克罗斯脑炎、西尼罗河病毒性脑炎、圣路易斯脑炎），而且因为这些容器经常出现在人们生活、工作和娱乐的地方附近。该项目研究了这些蚊子之间的影响、这些影响如何影响这些物种的种群动态，以及非本地物种是否会入侵容器群落。通过研究整个蚊子群落的结构和功能，我们将更好地了解这些媒介当前和未来的公共卫生威胁，