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Predation, habitat drying, and habitat size and production of vector mosquitoes

媒介蚊子的捕食、栖息地干燥以及栖息地大小和产量

基本信息

批准号：
8231236
负责人：
STEVEN A JULIANO
金额：
$ 42.65万
依托单位：
ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-01 至 2016-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vector mosquitoes from container habitats are important as bridge or zoonotic vectors for multiple North American encephalitis viruses, including West Nile Virus and LaCrosse Encephalitis Virus. General theory for ecology of freshwater systems leads to the hypothesis that production of adults should be affected by size of containers directly, and that container size should affect hydroperiod, which will affect adult production directly, and indirectly as it affects the number and kinds of predators of mosquitoes in these systems. Impacts of predators in these systems are likely to interact with density dependent mortality, producing in some circumstances compensatory or overcompensatory mortality, wherein predation yields equal or greater production of adult mosquitoes, respectively, than observed in the absence of predation. Predators may also have nonlethal effects on mosquito prey via induction of costly behavioral changes. All of these effects indicate that knowledge of production of particular vectors from man-made containers can be important for efficient targeting of containers for source reduction or larviciding. The proposed research will test for these direct and indirect effects across a broad range (0.035 - 350 L, four orders of magnitude in volume) of artificial container volumes. The proposed research uses field and laboratory experiments to achieve four specific aims: 1) Quantifying the relationships among container size, hydroperiod, predator abundance, larval abundances, and adult production and diversity of important container-dwelling vectors in the Midwest. 2) Separating experimentally the direct and indirect effects of container size, hydroperiod, and predation by manipulating hydroperiod or predation, independent of container size. 3) Determining patterns of compensating and overcompensating mortality caused by predators across a range of different container sizes. 4) Determining the likelihood of some important indirect nonlethal effects of predation on mosquito production, particularly slowed development and growth of larvae, or reduced longevity, feeding success, and fecundity of adults, which may be induced by behavioral changes that reduce risk of predation. The proposed research will yield a better understanding of how habitat scale and characteristics affect production of vectors from containers and which container sizes are likely to produce particular vector species, and thus how best to target particular sorts of containers for reducing larval success via source reduction or larviciding to reduce production of adult vectors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: A number of the prominent North American mosquito vectors of encephalitis viruses develop as larvae in man-made containers ranging in size from small bottles to large rain barrels. General theory of ecology of aquatic habitats suggests that habitat size, hydroperiod, and predation interact to influence success of aquatic species, such as these mosquito vectors. This project investigates how these three aspects of the aquatic habitat determine production of adult vectors, and therefore risk of encephalitis. Because these encephalitis vectors are widespread in the eastern US, this research is relevant to questions concerning how to target man made containers for source reduction or larviciding to minimize production of specific vectors.

描述（由申请方提供）：来自容器栖息地的媒介蚊子是多种北美脑炎病毒（包括西尼罗河病毒和长曲棍球脑炎病毒）的重要桥梁或人畜共患媒介。根据淡水系统生态学的一般理论，假设容器的大小会直接影响成虫的产量，容器的大小会影响水文周期，这将直接影响成虫的产量，并间接影响这些系统中蚊子捕食者的数量和种类。在这些系统中的捕食者的影响很可能与密度相关的死亡率相互作用，在某些情况下产生补偿性或过度补偿性死亡率，其中捕食产生相等或更大的成年蚊子的生产，分别比在没有捕食的情况下观察到。捕食者也可能通过诱导代价高昂的行为变化对蚊子猎物产生非致命影响。所有这些影响都表明，了解从人造容器中产生特定病媒的情况，对于有效地针对容器减少来源或杀灭幼虫非常重要。拟议的研究将测试这些直接和间接的影响在一个广泛的范围（0.035 - 350升，四个数量级的体积）的人工容器的体积。该研究采用现场和实验室实验，以实现四个具体目标：1）量化容器大小，水文周期，捕食者丰度，幼虫丰度，成人生产和多样性的重要容器居住的载体在中西部之间的关系。2)分离实验的直接和间接影响的容器大小，水文周期，和捕食通过操纵水文周期或捕食，独立的容器大小。3)确定不同容器尺寸范围内捕食者造成的补偿和过度补偿死亡率的模式。4)确定捕食对蚊子生产的一些重要的间接非致死性影响的可能性，特别是减缓幼虫的发育和生长，或减少寿命，喂养成功率和成虫的繁殖力，这可能是由减少捕食风险的行为变化引起的。拟议的研究将更好地了解生境规模和特征如何影响容器中的病媒产生，以及哪些容器大小可能产生特定的病媒物种，从而更好地了解如何针对特定种类的容器，通过减少来源或杀幼虫来减少成虫病媒的产生，从而减少幼虫的成功。公共卫生关系：一些主要的北美脑炎病毒蚊子载体在人工容器中发育为幼虫，大小从小瓶到大雨桶不等。水生栖息地生态学的一般理论表明，栖息地的大小，水周期和捕食相互作用，影响水生物种的成功，如这些蚊子载体。本项目调查水生生境的这三个方面如何决定成年病媒的产生，从而决定脑炎的风险。由于这些脑炎病媒在美国东部广泛分布，因此本研究涉及如何针对人造容器进行源头减少或杀幼虫以最大限度地减少特定病媒的产生。