After Brasilia: the modern city in Brazil, 1960 to the present

研究主题是围绕1960年至今巴西城市建筑的批判性话语。“批判性话语”主要是建筑师、城市规划学家和评论家的辩论，但也延伸到大众媒体对城市和城市生活的讨论。我所说的“建筑”是指实际存在的结构，以及它们在视觉艺术中的表现。所讨论的城市主要是巴西利亚和圣保罗，这两个城市在有关期间的经济和人口都有显著增长。作为城市，它们也与里约热内卢有着深刻的不同，后者在巴西现有的英语建筑历史中占据主导地位。从1960年到现在的历史框架，始于新首都巴西利亚的就职典礼。巴西在现代建筑方面的声誉在1930 - 1960年间是无与伦比的；1960年之后，国际关注急剧减弱，而内部讨论受到军事统治和审查制度的限制。然而，这是一个异常增长的时期，在此期间，巴西的城市不仅在规模上变得全球重要，而且在一定程度上推动了高层住宅和封闭式社区等现有城市形式的发展。巴西城市日益不均的财富分配（尤其是自军事统治结束以来）也引起了全球而非本地的关注，因为它以最夸张的形式表现出了英美城市的强烈特征。因此，该项目的主要目的是调查一个未被开发但重要的城市建筑历史领域。巴西城市是一个大课题，将通过围绕一系列代表性案例研究组织研究，使其易于管理。其中包括：巴西利亚的摄影就职典礼，圣保罗建筑师对野蛮主义的改编，有争议的公共纪念碑，如拉丁美洲纪念碑，封闭式社区的壮观增长，以及巴西利亚作为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的地位。详细的计划可以在支持案例中找到。该项目的结构以我的书《焦虑的城市》为蓝本，该书涵盖了类似的广泛主题。这一学科领域的英文著作很少。1985年之后，巴西建筑媒体上出现了关于巴西城市后巴西利亚的激烈辩论，该项目的一个重要目的是报道和分析这一辩论。通过这样做，我希望提高巴西城市在英语国家建筑史上的形象，以及更广泛的英语国家城市理论。我计划通过在纽约和伦敦举办的研究研讨会以及我现有的网站来传播这项研究，这表明了我的雄心。该项目使自1999年以来一直在开发的研究取得成果，并自2001年以来获得了各种来源的资助。到目前为止，该项目的成果包括《城市历史杂志》上的一篇文章，编辑书籍的两章，《地图杂志》的两篇评论文章，以及考陶尔德研究所、科克大学学院、雷丁大学和格拉斯哥大学的会议论文，并邀请DOCOMOMO国际和苏格兰皇家建筑师协会（RIAS）进行演讲。我要强调的是，到目前为止，这项研究是与其他更大的项目一起完成的，比如我对当代英国城市主义的研究，这导致了《焦虑的城市》一书（Routledge, 2004）。向该项目提供资金将使一个完善的项目取得重大成果。

The research subject is the critical discourse around the architecture of the Brazilian city from 1960 to the present. The 'critical discourse' is mostly the debates of architects, urbanists and critics, but extends to the discussion of cities and city life in the popular press. By 'architecture' I mean actually­ existing structures but also representations of them in the visual arts. The cities in question are principally Brasilia and Sao Paolo, both of which registered exceptional economic and population growth in the period concerned. As cities they are also profoundly different to Rio de Janeiro, which dominates existing Anglophone architectural histories of Brazil. The historical frame, 1960 to the present, begins with the inauguration of the new capital, Brasilia. Brazil's reputation for modern architecture was unsurpassed in the years 1930.1960; after 1960, international attention waned dramatically, while internal discussion was circumscribed by military rule and censorship. Yet this was a period of exceptional growth during which Brazil's cities became globally significant not only for their size, but for the extent to which they pushed development of existing urban forms such as high-rise residential buildings and gated communities. The increasingly uneven wealth distribution in Brazilian cities (especially since the end of military rule) is also of global, rather than local, interest as it shows in the most exaggerated form tendencies that are already strongly characteristic of Anglo American cities. The primary purpose of the project is therefore to investigate an underexplored, but important area of architectural urban history.The Brazilian city is a large subject which will be made manageable by organising the research around a series of representative case studies. These include: Brasilia's inauguration in photography, the adaptation of brutalism by Paulista architects, controversial public monuments such as the Memorial da America Latina, the spectacular growth of gated communities, and Brasmas status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A detailed plan can be found in the Case for Support. The structure of the project is modeled on my book 'The Anxious City' which covered a similarly broad topic.Very little work in the subject area can be found in English. A lively debate on the Brazilian city postBrasilia can be found in the Brazilian architectural press after 1985, and an important purpose of the project is to report on and analyse this debate. In so doing, I hope to raise the profile of the Brazilain city within Anglophone architectural history, and more generally Anglophone urban theory. My plans for the dissemination of the research through research seminars in New York and London, and through my existing website, speak to this ambition.This project brings to fruition research that has been in development since 1999, and has had funding from various sources since 2001. The results of the project so far include an article for the Journal of Urban History, two chapters in edited books, and two review articles for The Map Magazine, as well as conference papers at the Courtauld Institute, University College Cork, Reading and Glasgow universities, and invited talks for DOCOMOMO International, and the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS). I would emphasis that this research has so far been done alongside other much larger projects, such as my work on contemporary British urbanism, which resulted in the book 'The Anxious City' (Routledge, 2004). Granting funding to the project would enable a major outcome for a well-established project.