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Image, Text, Interpretation: e-Science, Technology and Documents

图像、文本、解读：电子科学、技术和文档

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E00654X/1
负责人：
Alan Bowman
金额：
$ 46.15万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE00654X%2F1
关键词：
Image Text Interpretation Science Technology

项目摘要

Decipherment and interpretation of manuscripts and documents is a central and fundamental component of research in all periods of literature and history and in related specialised disciplines such as linguistics, epigraphy, palaeography and archaeology. Such texts are, however, often very difficult to read, not least because of physical damaged which tends to be more severe the older the document is. Advanced imaging and computational technology can significantly aid the process of deciphering, reading and interpreting documents. In order to develop an effective IT-based technology in an e-science framework, it is also crucially necessary to analyse and understand the visual and cognitive processes which are involved in deciphering damaged or deteriorated texts. This is seldom made explicit to the non-expert reader of the texts and its scholarly interpretation. There are as yet no computational facilities for scholars working on propagating readings of texts to share data, discuss procedures, make explicit their reasoning, and make use of relevant advances in technological methods. This research seeks to develop a system which will aid the scholarly humanities community in reading manuscripts and documents from a wide range of literatures and cultures / emphatically not 'automating' reading, but providing a tool for the expert reader or scholar to harness and document the reasoning process; share, distribute, and manipulate data; and utilise advanced computational techniques and processing power afforded by e-Science technologies.Building on successful earlier research on image-processing and decipherment in dealing with the unique Roman ink and stylus tablets from Vindolanda, the proposed new research will develop, in a web-based environment, training methods and a suite of tools, in effect a palaeographer's workbench, to aid in the reading of degraded documents from a wide range of periods and subject-areas. After being built and tested on Greek and Roman written and incised material, which is well-known and readily available to the research team, the techniques and methods will be tested and further development carried out for other types of documents and manuscripts in other languages and periods, with adequate documentation, to encourage wider use. Moreover, the potential applications of such image processing algorithms are not limited to reading manuscripts and documents. Understanding issues such as local energy and phase in image processing will result in knowledge transfer to domains such as medical imaging, where application of these technologies is fundamental.The development of the system demands novel computational techniques, both in image processing, and in computational reasoning architectures. The approach taken here depends crucially on recognising the indispensability of the accumulated knowledge and judgment of the experts and aims to assist them, using a combination of image processing and data mining of (e.g.) letter forms, letter frequency, and word lists, techniques which have been demonstrated as a proof of concept in our earlier research. Proposals for the investigation into the mobilization of knowledge for the reasoning and interpretation of image data, or across semantic levels, are few. Yet there is a requirement for the investigation and development of such architectures to aid in tasks where uncertainty and probability need to be made explicit when reasoning about information (such as in medical imaging). Novel techniques in engineering science have been developed to allow data to be compared and contrasted across different semantic boundaries; these have been demonstrated as a proof of concept in propagating readings of the Vindolanda writing-tablets. Further development of these techniques and technologies will refine the approach, increase its effectiveness, and add to our understanding of role uncertainty, constraints reasoning, and analysis in image data.

手稿和文件的破译和解释是所有文学和历史时期以及相关专业学科（如语言学、金石学、古生物学和考古学）研究的核心和基本组成部分。然而，这些文本往往很难阅读，尤其是因为文件越旧，其物理损坏往往越严重。先进的成像和计算技术可以显著地帮助解密、阅读和解释文件的过程。为了在电子科学框架中开发有效的基于信息技术的技术，分析和理解与破译受损或变质文本有关的视觉和认知过程也是至关重要的。这一点很少向文本的非专业读者及其学术解释明确。迄今为止，还没有计算机设备供从事传播文本阅读的学者共享数据、讨论程序、明确他们的推理，并利用技术方法的相关进展。本研究旨在开发一个系统，该系统将帮助学术人文社区阅读来自各种文献和文化的手稿和文件/强调不是“自动化”阅读，而是为专业读者或学者提供一个工具来驾驭和记录推理过程；共享、分发和操作数据；并利用电子科学技术提供的先进计算技术和处理能力。在早期成功的图像处理和解码研究的基础上，这项新研究将在一个基于网络的环境中开发培训方法和一套工具，实际上是一个古生物学家的工作台，以帮助阅读来自广泛时期和主题领域的退化文件。这些技术和方法在研究小组所熟知和容易得到的希腊和罗马文字和雕刻材料上建立和测试之后，将对其他语言和时期的其他类型的文件和手稿进行测试和进一步开发，并提供充分的文件，以鼓励更广泛地使用。此外，这种图像处理算法的潜在应用并不局限于阅读手稿和文件。了解图像处理中的局部能量和相位等问题将导致知识转移到医学成像等领域，这些技术的应用是基础。系统的发展需要新的计算技术，包括图像处理和计算推理架构。这里采用的方法主要依赖于认识到专家积累的知识和判断的不可或缺性，并旨在帮助他们，使用图像处理和数据挖掘（例如）字母形式、字母频率和单词列表，这些技术在我们早期的研究中已经被证明是概念的证明。关于对图像数据的推理和解释或跨语义层次的知识动员进行调查的建议很少。然而，在对信息进行推理时需要明确不确定性和概率的任务中（例如在医学成像中），需要对这种体系结构进行调查和开发。工程科学中的新技术已经发展到允许数据在不同的语义边界之间进行比较和对比；这些已经被证明是一个概念的证明，在传播阅读文多兰达书写板。这些技术和技术的进一步发展将改进方法，提高其有效性，并增加我们对图像数据中角色不确定性，约束推理和分析的理解。