Text, Translation, and Interpretation of the Early Krishna Story: The Cardiff Harivamsha Project

这个项目将通过制作一部可靠的现代英语散文翻译《哈利瓦姆沙》来填补学术上的严重空白。《哈利瓦姆沙》的英译本几十年来一直是人们所渴望的，它将在印度学的许多领域具有很大的价值。《哈里瓦姆沙》是公元早期的梵文文本，与《摩诃婆罗多》密切相关。全书共有118章，分为三个部分：《Harivamshaparvan》（关于哈里的路线，即奎师那）、《Vishnuparvan》（关于毗湿奴，即奎师那）和《Bhavishyatparvan》（关于未来）。《毗湿奴帕文》讲述奎师那的家庭背景——他的家庭事务；他的外交事务在《摩诃婆罗多》中有记载，最著名的是《博伽梵歌》。由于克里希纳是人类文化中最著名的人物之一，一本英文平装本《哈利瓦姆沙》将在英国文化的许多方面产生可观的影响。这个项目将把P.L. Vaidya对37份精选手稿进行了详细的调查后，以6073节重新编排的《哈里瓦姆沙》（《哈里瓦姆沙》，是《摩诃婆罗多》的hila或补充，首次批判性编辑）从梵文翻译成英文（第1卷，普那：班达卡尔东方研究所，1969）。Vaidya用来重建文本的方法被用于梵语研究，并在文本研究中获得了相当大的成功；它产生了一个重组的文本，通常被视为所有手稿版本的祖先。重建后的《哈利瓦姆沙》与原稿版本大不相同，但由于它仍未翻译，瓦迪亚的工作的好处尚未充分渗透到教学和研究中。一些学者怀疑文本批判法对某些古梵文文本的适用性。因此，本项目将探讨将这种方法应用于《哈利瓦姆沙》的适宜性，并澄清由此产生的文本的状况。该项目还将重新评估《哈里瓦姆沙》与某些其他古印度文本之间的关系，尤其是《摩诃婆罗多》。如果将重组后的《哈利瓦姆沙》视为一种古老的文本，那么它在公元早期几个世纪的产生对我们理解其原始背景和目的有影响。重组后的《摩诃婆罗多》宣称哈里瓦姆沙是其中的一部分；但是，它一直是一个不可分割的部分吗，还是直到最近才被纳入其中呢？如果是，为什么呢？对重构的哈里瓦姆沙的研究将在摩诃婆罗多研究中产生重要影响——到目前为止，这些研究经常被忽视——并在印度学中产生更广泛的影响。该项目将完成《哈里瓦姆沙》在“牛津世界经典”系列中的简明平装英文译本，并附有一个简短的介绍，将文本背景化，鼓励读者将其视为一个具有普遍人类兴趣的故事。项目团队将把这本书的发布作为一个知识转移活动，促进对梵文叙事文学的更广泛兴趣；启动仪式将由学术界和非学术界的领军人物就奎师那传统的各个方面进行四场简短的演讲。2014年的一个国际讲故事节也将展出新版的阅读作品。研究小组更广泛的发现将在为期三年的项目期间在卡迪夫举行的一系列五次研讨会上进行探讨，在两篇英国和一篇国际会议论文中进行讨论，并发表在两篇评审文章中——一篇针对梵语以外的许多语言学者，一篇针对专门的印度语受众。因此，虽然该项目主要侧重于单一文本，但它将利用几种不同的研究方法，其产出将服务于几种不同的受众，其中一些在学术界，一些不在学术界。它代表了文本和翻译问题上的文献学学术的富有成果，创新和及时的结合，以及更多的文学和语境解释。

This project will fill a serious lacuna in scholarship by producing a reliable modern English prose translation of the Harivamsha. An English translation of the Harivamsha has been a desideratum for decades, and will be of great value in many fields of Indology.The Harivamsha is a text in Sanskrit from the early centuries CE, closely linked to the Mahabharata. It has 118 chapters in three sections: the Harivamshaparvan (about the line of Hari, i.e. Krishna), the Vishnuparvan (about Vishnu, i.e. Krishna), and the Bhavishyatparvan (about the future). The Vishnuparvan tells of Krishna in his own family context -- his home affairs; his foreign affairs being treated in the Mahabharata, most famously in the Bhagavadgita. As Krishna is one of the most celebrated figures in all of human culture, an English-language paperback Harivamsha will have appreciable effects in many dimensions of UK culture.This project will translate, from Sanskrit into English, the Harivamsha as reconstituted in 6073 verses by P.L. Vaidya after he undertook a detailed survey of 37 selected manuscripts ('The Harivamsha, being the khila or supplement to the Mahabharata, for the first time critically edited', vol. 1, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1969). The method that Vaidya used to reconstitute the text is used in Sanskrit studies and more widely in textual studies with considerable success; it yields a reconstituted text that is often seen as the ancestor of all manuscript versions. The reconstituted Harivamsha is very different from the manuscript versions, but since it remains untranslated, the benefits of Vaidya's work have yet to penetrate fully into teaching and research. Some scholars have doubted the applicability of the text-critical method to certain old Sanskrit texts. This project will thus probe the suitability of applying that method to the Harivamsha, and clarify the status of the resulting text. The project will also re-evaluate the relationship between the Harivamsha and certain other old Indian texts, especially the Mahabharata. If the reconstituted Harivamsha is viewed as an ancient text, its production in the early centuries CE has implications for our understanding of its original context and purpose. The reconstituted Mahabharata claims the Harivamsha as a part; but was it always an integral part, or was it incorporated only latterly, and if so, why? Study of the reconstituted Harivamsha will have important effects within Mahabharata studies -- which up to now have often overlooked it -- and more widely in Indology.The project will result in a compact paperback English translation of the Harivamsha in the 'Oxford World's Classics' series, with a short introduction contextualising the text and encouraging the reader to approach it as a story of universal human interest. The project team will use the book launch for this publication as a knowledge transfer event promoting wider interest in Sanskrit narrative literature; the launch will feature four short talks by leading figures -- academics and non-academics -- on aspects of the Krishna tradition. Readings from the new translation will also be featured at an international storytelling festival in 2014.The research team's wider findings will be explored in a series of five seminars held in Cardiff during the three-year project, discussed in two UK and one international conference papers, and published in two refereed articles -- one aimed at scholars of many languages other than Sanskrit, and one written for a specialised Indological audience. Thus although focusing primarily upon a single text, the project will utilise several different research methods and its outputs will serve several different audiences, some within academia, some without. It represents a fruitful, innovative, and timely combination of philological scholarship on textual and translation issues, and more searching literary and contextual interpretation.