Fisher Speak: Variation and Change in the Lexis of Scottish Fishing Communities

到2050年，苏格兰渔业社区极具特色的方言将所剩无几。虽然这个过程将是戏剧性的，但本质上，这些社区正在发生的事情是一种语言死亡的形式。费希尔说：苏格兰渔业社区词汇的变化和变化将尽可能多地记录和保存这种多样性，对这些社区使用的词汇在过去以及最重要的是在现在的变化方式进行深入分析。它将对一种濒临死亡的生活方式进行分类，这种生活方式深深植根于所研究的社区的历史和文化中，它对当地语言的影响，以及它即将消失的语言方式已经被人们所知。为了提供仍然具有代表性的沿海社区的可行样本，将对主要捕鱼中心和较小的住区进行调查。Eyemouth（贝里克郡），East Neuk of Fife（特别是Anstruther）， Peterhead（阿伯丁郡），Lossiemouth和Hopeman （Moray）以及Wick （Caithness）的词汇使用将在历时和共时深度上进行考虑。Fisher演讲将持续36个月，由首席研究员Robert McColl Millar和一名研究助理（待定）进行。它将涉及与最有成就的发言者就在每个地点丢失的词汇进行互动，并招募不同年龄和性别的发言者进行试点和主要研究。将在所有年龄层特别注意目前和过去在渔业贸易中的就业对特定词汇项目的被动和主动知识的影响程度。同时，两个项目成员将收集和分析先前的讨论和有关方言的例子，无论是当地的，区域的还是国家的，无论是书面的还是记录的。这将为所研究的方言产生广泛而深刻的历史语料库。研究词汇变化和变化的新方法/以前没有像语音或句法变化那样被完全覆盖/将被开发，从基于问卷的方言学传统中获得见解，如Macafee在研究格拉斯哥东区的传统方言词汇消耗时使用的，以及区域英语调查（SURE）小组正在发展的思维导图技术。将特别关注由于实时变化和视时变化的比较所引起的问题，以及与捕鱼贸易和海上生活有关的单词和短语（包括北海世界中常见的禁忌回避语言）与没有这种联系的当地方言单词和短语之间的潜在变化率差异。虽然调查问卷不可避免地会因地而异，但我们会采取谨慎措施，并咨询“本地专家”，以达到尽可能高的一致性。该项目将产生两本书：一本学术专著，处理词汇变化的性质，随时间和地点的变化，以及与评估这种性质的方法发展相关的问题，一本关于苏格兰渔民方言及其词汇的工作，旨在为更广泛的受众服务。两位项目成员还将为英国和海外的读者撰写同行评议的期刊文章。然而，同样重要的是该项目的社区外展计划。虽然所收集的语料库的部分内容将放在苏格兰和其他地方的中央档案馆，但还计划就所收集的材料与渔业社区、其组织、博物馆和文化中心进行相当程度的互动。

By 2050, little will remain of the highly distinctive dialects of the Scottish fishing communities. Although the process will be dramatic, in essence what is happening in these communities is a form of language death. Fisher speak: variation and change in the lexis of Scottish fishing communities will record and preserve as much as possible of this diversity, providing an in-depth analysis of the ways in which the vocabulary employed in these communities has changed in the past and, most vitally, in the present. It will catalogue the ways in which a dying way of life, heavily embedded in the history and culture of the neighbourhoods studied, affected the local language and the linguistic ways in which its coming absence are already making themselves known. In order to provide a workable sample of coastal communities which is still representative, both major fishing centres and smaller settlements will be surveyed. The lexical use of Eyemouth (Berwickshire), the East Neuk of Fife (in particular, Anstruther), Peterhead (Aberdeenshire), Lossiemouth and Hopeman (Moray) and Wick (Caithness) will be considered in diachronic and synchronic depth.Lasting thirty-six months, Fisher speak will be carried out by the Principal Investigator, Robert McColl Millar, and a Research Assistant (to be appointed). It will involve interaction with the most accomplished speakers over what lexis is being lost in each locale, and recruitment of speakers across the age and gender spectrum for both pilot and main studies. Particular attention will be paid at all age levels to the extent to which present and past employment in the fishing trade affects both passive and active knowledge of particular lexical items. At the same time, both project members will assemble and analyse prior discussions and exemplifications of the dialects in question, whether local, regional or national, whether written or recorded. This will produce a broad and deep historical corpus for the dialects studied.New methodologies for studying lexical variation and change / previously not as fully covered as phonological or syntactic change / will be developed, deriving insights from both the questionnaire-based dialectological tradition, as used by Macafee in her study of traditional dialect lexical attrition in the East End of Glasgow, and the developing Mind-Mapping techniques of the Survey of Regional English (SURE) group. Particular attention will be given to the problems caused by the comparison of change in real time and change in apparent time, to potential differences in rates of change between words and phrases associated with the fishing trade and the seaborne life (including the tabu-avoidance language so common in the North Sea world) and local dialect words and phrases with no such association. Although the questionnaire will inevitably alter from place to place, care will be taken / and 'native experts' will be consulted / to achieve as high a degree of coincidence as possible.The project will result in the production of two books: a scholarly monograph dealing with the nature of lexical variation and change over place and time and the problems associated with the development of methodologies to assess this nature, and a work on the fisher dialects of Scotland and their lexis intended for a wider audience. Both project members will also produce peer-reviewed journal articles for audiences in the UK and overseas.As important, however, will be the community outreach plans for the project. Although elements of the corpus collected will be placed in central archives in Scotland and elsewhere, considerable interaction with the fishing communities, their organisation, museums and cultural centres over collected materials is also planned.