A new English translation of The German Ideology, Part One, by Marx and Engels, based on texts newly established in Japan and Germany

卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯的《德意志意识形态》（第一部分）（写于1845 - 1846年）已经成为一部现代哲学经典，受到普遍关注，远远超出了马克思主义和马克思主义哲学研究的范围。这是20世纪60年代后期维特根斯坦接受的结果，随后的“语言转向”源于奥斯汀的“表演性”理论，以及人类生活世界的“实践”和“行为学”概念的发展，这些概念与本体论和认识论中的经典问题有关。《德意志意识形态》第一部分作为哲学参考的这些发展一直持续到现在，这部作品被广泛分配给学生，并被专家引用。然而，直到最近，这部作品的德语原文的当代文本都是从手稿的抄本（在莫斯科和阿姆斯特丹存档和拍照）中获得的，这些抄本被认为是有缺陷的，而且很少注意到作曲过程的重要特征。这些问题包括手写文本、双栏页面以及为读者复制这些页面的顺序和方式之间存在很大问题的关系;（虽然不是权威性的结论）两个主要人物之间的笔迹鉴定问题;复制文本的变化，包括删除和修改，由两个手在写作过程中;和理由，以读者的各种选择和问题所涉及的生产德语文本（或一个在翻译）是准确和有帮助的。1974年，已故教授广松渡（Wataru Hiromatsu）新近建立了有缺陷的德语文本（迄今为止所有英语翻译的基础），并在日本限量出版。与以往的做法相反，他的版本在德文文本中（而不是在注释中）向读者呈现作者的修改，他还在印刷上区分了马克思和恩格斯的手。广松的著作在日本学术界受到广泛的批评和修改。然而，他关于这一问题的著作在西方仍然鲜为人知，尤其是因为《批判》一书完全是用日语写成的（尽管我和日本同事在已发表的著作中使用了这一独特的语言，对一段关于共产主义社会的经典段落进行了新的解释）。2003年，《德意志意识形态》（第一部分）在一卷中出版，该卷与由柏林-勃兰登堡科学院主办的马克思-恩格斯的道德规范项目有关（本申请人参加了该科学院的使命）。然而，新出版的《年鉴》版本将所有文本变体放在一个单独的Apparat卷中，即使是学术读者也很难理解两位作者的思想，因为他们把它们写下来并在原始手稿上进行了修改。为了解决这个问题，本项目设想的手稿工作不是作为一本书的“最后的手稿”（如2003年版），而是作为一个palimplantable一套手稿注释，最好是阅读的印刷页，因为他们出现在手稿。鉴于两位作者之间的对话过程的性质，这将产生一个在哲学方面具有国际学术意义的出版文本，以及一个迄今为止只有高度缺陷和缺乏信息的版本的广泛研究的手稿工作的仔细英文翻译。这个项目不仅建立在我之前作为马克思和恩格斯的翻译工作的基础上，可以追溯到1975年，而且建立在我与MEGA项目的联系以及与日本同事的长期研究关系上，与南京马克思主义哲学研究中心和中央编译局的中国同事新成立的（中国共产党）在北京。

The German Ideology, Part One, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (written 1845-46) has become a modern philosophical classic of general interest, well beyond the bounds of studies in Marxism and Marxist philosophy. This is a consequence of the reception of the later Wittgenstein in the 1960s and the subsequent 'linguistic turn' deriving from Austinian theories of 'performativity, as well as the development of 'praxis' and 'praxeological' conceptions of the human life world bearing on Classic problems in ontology and epistemology. These developments, in which The German Ideology, Part One, figures as a point of philosophical reference, continue into the present, and the work is widely assigned to students and cited by specialists. However, until very recently contemporary texts of the work in the original German were derived from transcriptions of the manuscripts sheets (archived and photographed in Moscow and Amsterdam) which are known to be defective, and which moreover take little note of important features of the process of composition. These include the highly problematic relationship between the handwritten text, the double-column pages, and the order and manner in which those pages are reproduced for the reader; the important (though not authorially conclusive) matter of handwriting identification between the two major figures involved; the reproduction of textual changes, including deletions and amendments, made by the two hands in the process of composition; and the justification to the reader of the various choices and issues involved in producing a German text (or one in translation) that is accurate and helpful. In 1974 the defective German text (underlying all English translations to date) was freshly established by the late Professor Wataru Hiromatsu and published in a limited edition in Japan. His edition- contrary to previous practice- presented authorial changes to the reader within a German text (rather than in notes), and he also distinguished typographically between Marx's and Engels's hands.Hiromatsu work has been extensively critiqued and revised within the Japanese scholarly community. However, his work on it is still barely known in the West, not least because the apparatus criticus is wholly in Japanese (though in conjunction with Japanese colleagues I have used it uniquely in published work to argue a new interpretation of a classic passage on communist society). In 2003 The German Ideology, Part One, was published in a volume associated with the Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe project, hosted by the Berlin-Brandenburg Akademie der Wissenschaften (the present applicant sits on their Redaktionskom mission). However, the newly published 'Jahrbuch' version places all textual variants in a separate Apparat volume, making it difficult even for the scholarly reader to follow the thoughts of the two authors as they wrote them down and amended them on the original manuscripts. To solve this problem the present project conceives the manuscript work not as a 'last-hand draft' for a book (as the 2003 edition does) but rather as a palimpsest set of manuscript notes that are best read on the printed page as they appear in the manuscript. Given the character of the dialogical process of composition between the two authors, this will produce a published text of international scholarly significance in philosophy, as well as a careful English translation of a widely­ studied manuscript work hitherto only available in highly defective and uninformative editions. The project builds not only on my previous work as a translator of Marx and Engels, dating back to 1975, but also on my contact with the MEGA Project together with long-standing research relationships involving Japanese colleagues, and newly established ones with Chinese colleagues at the Nanjing Center for the Study of Marxist Philosophy and the Central Bureau of Compilation and Translation (of the Communist Party of China) in Beijing.