NearIR Photon-counting Camera for Diffuse Optical Tomography

用于漫反射光学断层扫描的近红外光子计数相机

• 批准号: 7290357
• 负责人: JAMES F CHRISTIAN
• 金额: $ 42.33万
• 依托单位: RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7290357
• 关键词: Architecture; Area; Bite; Blood flow; Brain imaging; Breast; Caliber; Cancerous; Charge; Clinical; Computers; Count; Data; Data Analyses; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diffuse; Digital Signal Processing; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Electronics; Elements; Environment; Evaluation; Exposure to; Facility Construction Funding Category; Fiber; Foundations; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Government; Growth; Housing; Image; Imaging Phantoms; Imaging technology; Individual; Injury; Invasive; Laboratories; Lesion; Life; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Gland Parenchyma; Mammary Neoplasms; Measurement; Measures; Medical Imaging; Memory; Methods; Noise; Numbers; Optics; Pennsylvania; Performance; Persons; Phase; Photons; Purpose; Radiation; Radiation Monitoring; Range; Reaction Time; Research; Resolution; Scanning; Screening for cancer; Screening procedure; Semiconductors; Signal Transduction; Spectrum Analysis; Speed; Sports; Structure; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tube; Universities; Work; angiogenesis; blood perfusion; cancer diagnosis; computerized data processing; concept; design; detector; diffuse optical tomography; digital; digital imaging; electric field; follow-up; improved; instrument; irradiation; metal oxide; monitoring device; optical fiber; photomultiplier; programs; prototype; scale up; sensor; theories; tissue oxygenation; tomography; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early detection and routine clinical screening represent the first line of defense for managing cancer, a disease that claimed over 570,280 lives in the U.S. during the year 2005. Significant advances have been made in the medical imaging of tumors; however, many of these techniques are too expensive to be implemented for routine screening. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and diffuse correlation tomography (DCT), which images blood flow, promises to provide a method for routine, non-invasive cancer screening that increases the frequency of screening procedures by reducing, or eliminating, the exposure to radiation. Unfortunately, the need for many single photon-counting detector elements, which are expensive and bulky, constrains the development of DCT instruments. The Phase I funding for this project supported the successful development of a new imaging technology that surmounts the limitations of conventional CMOS (complementary-symmetry metal-oxide-semiconductor) APS (Active Pixel Sensor) and CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) imaging technologies and provides the necessary foundation for DCT imaging. In Phase I, we designed, fabricated and tested CMOS avalanche photodiode pixel capable of single optical photon sensitivity, in the near infrared region of the spectrum, with a timing jitter of less than 350 ps. These CMOS Geiger photodiode (GPD) pixels digitize the incident photo-signal, which solves many of the noise issues that have limited the use of CMOS APS camera pixels for high-speed, high- sensitivity, and high spatial-resolution applications, such as DCT. The Phase II goal is to develop a fully integrated, nearIR digital camera chip for DCT imaging of blood flow. This all-digital, CMOS imaging technology fulfills the demanding requirements for providing high signal-to-noise DCT images through the use of many detector elements. In the Phase II effort, we propose to implement the successful pixel designs, identified in Phase I, to construct a prototype chip that will be incorporated into a patch. We will perform DCT imaging of phantoms in the laboratory of our collaborator, Dr. A. Yodh at the University of Pennsylvania. The diagnosis and imaging of breast tissue, as well as sport related injuries, represents the clinical target of the proposed DCT instrument. This effort improves early cancer diagnosis by non-invasively imaging the increased blood flow in breast tumors using red light.

描述（由申请人提供）：早期检测和常规临床筛查是控制癌症的第一道防线，2005年，癌症在美国夺去了超过570，280人的生命。在肿瘤的医学成像方面已经取得了重大进展;然而，这些技术中的许多太昂贵而不能用于常规筛查。对血流成像的扩散光学断层扫描（DOT）和扩散相关断层扫描（DCT）有望提供一种常规的非侵入性癌症筛查方法，通过减少或消除辐射暴露来增加筛查程序的频率。不幸的是，需要许多单光子计数检测器元件，这是昂贵的和庞大的，限制了DCT仪器的发展。该项目的第一阶段资金支持了一种新成像技术的成功开发，该技术克服了传统CMOS（互补对称金属氧化物半导体）APS（有源像素传感器）和CCD（电荷耦合器件）成像技术的局限性，并为DCT成像提供了必要的基础。在第一阶段，我们设计，制造和测试CMOS雪崩光电二极管像素能够单光子灵敏度，在近红外光谱区域，具有小于350 ps的定时抖动。这些CMOS盖革光电二极管（GPD）像素对入射光信号进行滤波，这解决了限制CMOS APS相机像素用于高速、高灵敏度和高空间分辨率应用（诸如DCT）的许多噪声问题。第二阶段的目标是开发一种完全集成的近红外数字相机芯片，用于血流的DCT成像。这种全数字CMOS成像技术通过使用许多探测器元件满足了提供高信噪比DCT图像的苛刻要求。在第二阶段的努力，我们建议实施成功的像素设计，确定在第一阶段，构建一个原型芯片，将被纳入一个补丁。我们将在我们的合作者A博士的实验室中对体模进行DCT成像。宾夕法尼亚大学的Yodh。乳腺组织的诊断和成像以及运动相关损伤代表了所提出的DCT仪器的临床目标。这一努力通过使用红光对乳腺肿瘤中增加的血流进行非侵入性成像来改善早期癌症诊断。