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The Politics of Identity and Migration: Maghrebi Migrants' Political Discourse in colonial and postcolonial France

身份与移民的政治：殖民地和后殖民法国马格里布移民的政治话语

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E504140/1
负责人：
Rabah Aissaoui
金额：
$ 3.11万
依托单位：
University of Leicester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE504140%2F1
关键词：
Politics Identity Migration Maghrebi Migrants

项目摘要

It has often been argued that post-colonial immigration in France has posed new challenges to the so-called French Republican model of integration. Indeed, French popular, and to a large extent political and media, discourses have presented post-colonial migrants (especially Maghrebis) and their children as constituting a population which is more difficult to integrate than previous, mainly European, migrants. At the core of this widely held belief lies the idea that Maghrebi immigration is a relatively recent phenomenon and problem, and that their cultural, religious traditions and social practices (which are often described in vague and reifying terms) are irreconcilably 'different' from those of the French, thereby ignoring the long and complex historical links that have tied France to North Africa since the colonial era. Equally, the lack of political representation of Maghrebis in France today is not so much attributed to the discrimination to which North Africans are subjected as to their lack of political tradition.This study aims to challenge these two widely held beliefs by exploring how the ethno-national identity and discourses of North African immigrants in France were shaped in the colonial and post-colonial periods and marked by French Universalist and political values. It also assesses some of the key characteristics of French discourses on, and prejudice towards, the Muslim colonial 'subjects' and post-colonial migrants from North Africa and how it informed Maghrebis' political activism in France. It examines the ways in which the nationalist party born in the North African diaspora mobilised and developed anticolonial and nationalist discourses from the 1920s to Algerian independence.It then compares and contrasts this with Maghreb\ migrants' political activism and discourse in the post-colonial period with a particular focus on the 1970s. During that decade, the radical organization, the Movement des Travailleurs Arabes (MTA), drew its inspiration from the anticolonial struggle of its forebears, fought for immigrants' rights and against what it saw as a post-colonial period marked by neo-colonialism, racism and failed independent states in North Africa. Activists from the MTA later played an important role in the antiracist marches of the 1980s and the mobilization of so-called'Second Generation' North Africans in France.This study assesses whether Maghrebi immigrants, whose presence in France goes back to the early twentieth century, were able to develop a consistent and original political tradition and voice. Both movements' discourses and actions are analysed through a large corpus of archival documents on, and secondary sources pertaining to, anticolonial political organisations led by Messali Hadj (the ENA, the PPA, the MTLD and the MNA) and to the MTA. The primary documents which are examined in detail include newspapers, tracts, reports from militants, personal correspondence, minutes of meetings, posters, as well as police and government reports. This study examines the importance of ethnicity in the framing of national identity. However, their sense of identity was informed by different markers and shaped their political agenda in different ways. On the one hand, the Messalist organisations promoted an ethnic identity marked by a nationalist discourse that was rooted in history and religion. It aimed to challenge France's oppressive colonial rule, and establish a modern nation-state within the confines of the colonial territory. On the other hand, the MTA's sense of ethno-national identity was informed by North Africans' anti-colonial struggle, by the Palestinian Revolution and by a strong sense of class belonging. Its nationalism encompassed the Arab World and transcended the boundaries of nation-states which, it argued, had failed to defeat imperialism and its corollary, racism.

人们经常认为，法国的后殖民移民对所谓的法国共和国一体化模式提出了新的挑战。事实上，法国的大众话语，以及在很大程度上的政治和媒体话语，都将后殖民时代的移民（特别是马格里布人）及其子女描述为比以前的移民（主要是欧洲移民）更难融入社会的群体。这一普遍信念的核心是，马格里布移民是一个相对较新的现象和问题，他们的文化、宗教传统和社会习俗（通常用模糊和具体化的术语描述）与法国人的文化、宗教传统和社会习俗不可调和地“不同”，从而忽视了自殖民时代以来将法国与北非联系在一起的长期而复杂的历史联系。同样地，北非移民在法国的政治代表性的缺失与其说是由于北非人受到的歧视，不如说是由于他们缺乏政治传统。本研究旨在通过探讨在法国的北非移民的民族身份和话语是如何在殖民和后殖民时期形成的，来挑战这两个普遍持有的信念。殖民时期，以法国普遍主义和政治价值观为标志。它还评估了法国话语的一些关键特征，对穆斯林殖民“科目”和北非后殖民移民的偏见，以及它如何告知马格里布在法国的政治活动。它探讨了在北非散居地出生的民族主义政党动员和发展反殖民主义和民族主义话语的方式，从20世纪20年代到阿尔及利亚独立，然后将其与后殖民时期马格里布移民的政治活动和话语进行比较和对比，特别是在20世纪70年代。在这十年中，激进组织阿拉伯劳工运动从其祖先的反殖民主义斗争中汲取灵感，为移民的权利而战，反对它所认为的以新殖民主义、种族主义和北非失败的独立国家为标志的后殖民时期。从MTA的活动家后来发挥了重要作用，在20世纪80年代的反种族主义游行和所谓的“第二代”北非人在法国的动员。本研究评估是否马格里布移民，其在法国的存在可以追溯到20世纪初世纪，能够制定一个一致的和原始的政治传统和声音。通过大量关于Messali Hadj领导的反殖民主义政治组织（ENA、PPA、MTLD和MNA）和MTA的档案文件和二手资料，分析了这两个运动的言论和行动。详细审查的主要文件包括报纸、传单、激进分子的报告、个人信件、会议记录、海报以及警察和政府报告。本研究探讨了民族在国家认同框架中的重要性。然而，他们的身份感是由不同的标志所告知的，并以不同的方式塑造了他们的政治议程。一方面，信使组织促进民族认同，其标志是植根于历史和宗教的民族主义话语。它旨在挑战法国的压迫性殖民统治，并在殖民地领土范围内建立一个现代民族国家。另一方面，MTA的民族认同感来自北非人的反殖民斗争、巴勒斯坦革命和强烈的阶级归属感。它的民族主义涵盖了阿拉伯世界，超越了民族国家的界限，它认为，民族国家未能击败帝国主义及其必然结果种族主义。