Mechanical Engineering

机械工业

• 批准号: 7364309
• 负责人: SERGEI YAKUSHIN
• 金额: $ 11.34万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-18 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7364309
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acceleration; Animals; Attitude; Back; Beds; Biological; Blood Pressure; Centrifugation; Collaborations; Computers; Devices; Dystonia; Emergency Situation; Engineering; Equipment; Eye Movements; Food Aversion; Force of Gravity; Fostering; Funding; Goals; Grant; Head; Head Movements; Heart Rate; Human; Humidity; Individual; Lasers; Locomotion; Maintenance; Manufacturer Name; Measures; Mechanics; Modification; Molecular; Monkeys; Motion Sickness; Motor; Mus; Muscle; Nerve; Patients; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Rewards; Rotation; Running; Safety; Services; Side; Sledding; Slide; Support of Research; System; Temperature; Testing; Training; Visual; Walking; Water; Work; college; design; design and construction; medical schools; micromanipulator; peroneal nerve; repaired; research study; respiratory

Specific Aims: The goals of the Mechanical Engineering (ME) Core are to support research of Investigators across the Core Center by designing and building commercially unavailable parts, devices and machines, and by maintaining the machinery currently in use. The aim is to keep the research at the cutting edge in each field aided by the services of the machinists in the ME Core, and to promote collaborations among the individual Pi's. Over the last grant period, the ME Core has helped develop an infrastructure for research at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Brooklyn College that has facilitated collaboration while enhancing individual research. This has generated new funded projects, as well as new collaborations that will expand the scope of the Core. The ME Core will continue to enhance the infrastructure during the next grant period by providing support for new projects and collaborations, as well as by enhancing work in ongoing projects. This will be accomplished in two Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1: Design and Build Commercially Unavailable Parts and Devices to Broaden the Scope of Research and Foster Collaborations: A. Monkey Single Unit and Locomotion Experiments (Yakushin/Raphan/Cohen): 1. Work with the C/EE Core to develop a training system for monkeys walking on a treadmill in the monkey locomotion experiments, so animals will watch a fixed point in space while they receive a water reward. Mount the screen displaying the targets on the linear treadmill. 2. Design and build (with the C/EE Core) new motor-driven micromanipulators that will be used for single unit studies of gravity-dependent gain adaptation in the monkey, and for unit recording in freely-moving monkeys during locomotion studies. 3. Design and build a device for the Cosmos rotator to measure the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) in monkeys, so the monkey's body can be oscillated with the head fixed or the head can be oscillated with the body fixed. 4. Design and build a primate chair for recording muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve of monkeys in the COSMOS rotator and on the 'linear sled on a rotator' (Linear Sled). B. Mouse Physiological, Neuroanatomic and Molecular Biological Studies (Yakushin/ Holstein/Sealfon/ Margolskee/Max/Bedrich/Cohen/Sclafani/Raphan): 1. Configure the linear sled and rotator for mice. It is currently used for monkeys. Manufacture a new mouse holder that will fit into the mount on the linear sled. 2. Design and build new gimbal devices that will allow centrifugation of mice at varying levels of g at any attitude relative to the axis of rotation and the centripetal linear acceleration. 3. Mount the binocular mouse eye movement system on the device to record eye movements during centrifugation. 4. Manufacture small rotational devices to test mice at Brooklyn College in studies of food aversion following centrifugation in different orientations. C. Human Motion Sickness and Vestibulo-Autonomic Studies (Dai/Cohen/Kaufmann/Raphan/ Straumann): 1. Design and build with the C/EE Core, a new 3-D optokinetic stimulator with new gears and motors for the OVAR enclosure. 2. Develop a new head holder for the OVAR chair so that the head does not move during the rotations. Remount the video cameras that record eye movements. 3. With the C/EE Core, design and build a computer-controlled device to measure the subjective visual vertical while stationary and during OVAR. 4. Mount humidity and temperature controls in the OVAR enclosure and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory devices on the OVAR chair. 5. Design and construct a bed for the Circular Treadmill to place subjects on their sides to habituate their vertical aVOR. D. Human Locomotion Studies (Raphan/Cohen/Cho/Smouha/Olanow): 1. Design and build a mechanism for raising the back of the linear treadmill to study walking downhill. 2. Design and build a gimbaled positioning mechanisms for a laser pointer so that head movements can be directed automatically and tested in patients with dystonia. 3. Design and build a harness on a sliding support on the ceiling to study climbing and descending a staircase. Specific Aim 2: Maintain and repair mechanical equipment: Vestibular research is heavily dependent on a wide variety of mechanical and electromechanical devices. In many instances, maintenance by the original manufacturers is not available but safety is essential. Therefore: 1. Regularly inspect, maintain and, if necessary, replace hoses in the hydraulic system that tilt the OVAR chair used in motion sickness studies. Also, regularly maintain motors that run the linear and circular treadmills. 2. Do emergency repair, small modifications, and routine maintenance of commercial machines, since using outside mechanics, is not only costly but generally not possible

具体目标：机械工程(ME)核心的目标是支持研究人员的研究 通过设计和制造商业上无法获得的部件、设备和机器 通过维护目前正在使用的机器。其目的是使研究保持在每个领域的前沿。 在ME核心机械师的帮助下，促进个人之间的合作 在过去的赠款期间，ME核心帮助开发了西奈山研究的基础设施 医学院和布鲁克林学院，促进了合作，同时加强了个人研究。 这产生了新的资助项目，以及将扩大核心范围的新合作。 ME Core将在下一个授权期内继续增强基础设施，方法是为 新项目和协作，以及加强正在进行的项目中的工作。这将会实现的 有两个具体的目标。 具体目标1：设计和制造商业上无法获得的部件和设备，以扩大 Research and Foster协作： A.猴子单一单元和运动实验(雅库辛/拉潘/科恩)：1.与C/EE合作 核心开发了猴子在跑步机上行走的训练系统，在猴子的运动实验中， 因此，动物在获得水奖励的同时，将在太空中观察一个固定的点。挂载显示的屏幕 直线跑步机上的目标。2.设计和制造(以C/EE为核心)新型电动微操作器 这将用于猴子依赖重力的增益适应的单个单位研究，并用于单位 在运动研究中记录自由活动的猴子。3.为宇宙飞船设计和制造一台设备 旋转器用来测量猴子的颈眼反射(COR)，这样猴子的身体就可以随着 头部固定或头部可在身体固定时摆动。4.设计并制作一把灵长类座椅 宇宙猴腓神经肌肉交感神经活动(MSNA)记录 旋转器上的线性雪橇(线性雪橇)。 B.小鼠生理、神经解剖和分子生物学研究(雅库辛/荷斯坦/Sealfon/ Margolskee/Max/Bedrich/Cohen/Sclafani/Raphan)：1.为小鼠配置直线雪橇和旋转器。它是 目前用于猴子的。制造一个新的鼠标支架，可以安装在线性雪橇上的支架上。2. 设计和制造新的万向节装置，允许在任何姿势下以不同的G水平对小鼠进行离心机分离 相对于旋转轴和向心线加速度。3.安装双眼小鼠眼睛 设备上的运动系统，用于记录离心机过程中的眼球运动。4.制造小规模产品 在布鲁克林学院用旋转装置测试小鼠在离心后的食物厌恶研究 不同的方向。 C.人类运动病和前庭自主研究(Dai/Cohen/Kaufmann/Raphan/ 斯图尔特兰)：1.设计和制造C/EE核心，一个新的3-D视动刺激器，带有新的齿轮和 用于OVAR机箱的电机。2.为OVAR座椅开发新的头部固定器，使头部不会 在旋转过程中移动。重新安装记录眼球运动的摄像机。3.使用C/EE核心， 设计并制造了一种计算机控制的装置，用于在静止和静止状态下测量主观视觉垂直 在OVAR期间。4.安装OVAR外壳中的湿度和温度控制以及血压、心脏 OVAR椅子上的呼吸装置。5.设计并建造一张圆形跑步机床 让受试者侧卧，以适应他们垂直的爱好。 D.人类运动研究(Raphan/Cohen/Cho/Smuha/Olanow)：1.设计和建立机制 用于抬高直线跑步机的后部学习下坡行走。2.设计和建造万向节定位 用于激光指示器的机构，使头部运动可以自动指示并在患者身上进行测试 有肌张力障碍。3.在天花板上的滑动支架上设计和建造一个安全带，以学习攀登和 从楼梯上下来。 具体目标2：维护和维修机械设备：前庭研究严重依赖于 种类繁多的机械和机电设备。在许多情况下，由原件进行维护 无法联系到制造商，但安全至关重要。因此：1.定期检查、维护和，如果 必要时，更换液压系统中使OVAR椅倾斜的软管，用于晕动病研究。 此外，定期维护驱动直线跑步机和圆形跑步机的电机。2.做好紧急抢修，小的 商业机器的改装和日常维护，由于使用外部机械，不仅是 成本很高，但通常不可能