Sibling Models of Adolescent Alcohol Use and Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一份关于收养和非收养家庭的独特研究——兄弟姐妹互动和行为研究（SIBS）的持续资助申请。SIBS的主要目的是在发育生物心理社会框架内调查青少年酒精使用和滥用的起源以及相关的行为病理学。在资助的初始阶段，我们系统地确定和评估了409个收养家庭和208个非收养家庭，每个家庭由一对青春期的兄弟姐妹和他们的抚养父母组成。家庭完成了一项长达5小时的面对面评估，包括测量物质使用和滥用、精神健康、家庭和社会环境以及个人层面的风险标志。在这一后续应用中，我们试图完成对摄入SIBS数据集的分析，并探索遗传和环境对青少年发育的相互影响。在完成对摄入SIBS数据集的分析后，我们将检验以下假设：1)共同的环境影响对青少年去抑制精神病理学（包括青少年酒精使用）产生一致的影响；2)兄弟姐妹，而不是父母，是共同环境影响青少年去抑制行为的主要来源。为了研究基因与环境的相互作用，SIBS参与者将对8-12个与去抑制性精神病理易感性相关的候选基因进行基因分型。我们的被收养青少年样本包括相当数量的东亚人，他们也将根据ALDH2多态性进行基因分型。对ALDH2数据的分析不仅将关注它是否对在非东亚家庭中长大的东亚人的酒精消费有保护作用，而且还将关注导致遗传ALDH2缺乏的东亚青少年大量饮酒的因素。在对ALDH2数据的分析中，我们还将利用孟德尔随机化原理来检验减少青少年饮酒也会导致其他问题行为减少的假设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a request for continued funding for unique study of adoptive and non-adoptive families, the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS). The major aim of SIBS is to investigate the origins of adolescent alcohol use and abuse and associated behavioral pathology within a developmental biopsychosocial framework. In the initial period of funding, we systematically ascertained and assessed 409 adoptive and 208 non-adoptive families, each consisting of a pair of adolescent siblings and their rearing parents. Families completed an extensive 5-hour, in-person assessment that included measurement of substance use and abuse, mental health, family and social environment, and individual-level markers of risk. In this continuation application, we seek to complete analysis of the intake SIBS dataset and explore the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent development. In completing the analysis of the intake SIBS dataset, we will test the following hypotheses: 1) shared environmental influences exert a consistent effect on adolescent disinhibitory psychopathology, including adolescent alcohol use, and 2) siblings, rather than parents, are the major source of shared environmental influence on adolescent disinhibitory behavior. To investigate gene-environment interplay, SIBS participants will be genotyped on 8-12 candidate genes selected as being relevant to vulnerability to disinhibitory psychopathology. Our sample of adopted adolescents includes a sizable number of East Asians, who will also be genotyped on the ALDH2 polymorphism. Analysis of the ALDH2 data will focus not only on whether it is protective against alcohol consumption in East Asians reared in non-East Asian homes, but also on the factors that account for heavy alcohol consumption among East Asian adolescents who inherit ALDH2 deficiency. In the analysis of the ALDH2 data, we will also make use of the principles of Mendelian randomization to test the hypothesis that reducing adolescent drinking also results in reductions in other problem behaviors.