A Longitudinal Study of Adopted Youth and Their Families

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请寻求续签资金，用于对收养和未收养家庭进行独特和创新的纵向研究。兄弟姐妹互动和行为研究(SIBS)包括409个收养家庭和208个非收养家庭。在接收时，每个家庭由一对青少年兄弟姐妹和他们的养育父母组成，总共2394人。SIB的后代在青春期中期完成了摄入量评估，在青春期后期完成了第一次后续评估(FU1)，并在成年早期进行了第二次后续评估(FU2)。到目前为止，FU1和FU2的参与率远远超过90%。摄入和FU评估是广泛的，包括：1)对常见的外化(如品行障碍、药物使用障碍、ADHD)和内化(如抑郁、焦虑障碍)精神病理的全面评估；2)药物使用、滥用和依赖；3)个人水平的风险标记物(个性、学习能力和进步)；4)家庭关系(父母-子女和兄弟姐妹)；以及5)其他环境风险因素(如同龄人群体、宗教信仰、生活压力、邻居)。目前的应用程序有4个具体目标，以：1)完成FU2评估，2)分析FU1和FU2数据，以确定常见精神障碍的家庭风险性质；3)使用孟德尔随机化原则测试青少年饮酒和滥用对成年早期精神健康和物质使用障碍风险的影响；以及4)确定在婴儿期收养的个人在年轻时是否有精神障碍的高风险。对SIBS入学数据的分析表明，这是一项独特的研究，它对母亲抑郁的影响、父母反社会行为的影响、青少年酗酒的后果以及美国收养的年轻人的心理健康等方面进行了重要观察。对这一研究项目的持续支持将使我们能够绘制从青春期中期到成年早期常见精神障碍的发展轨迹，使用一种允许我们识别家庭环境和遗传因素对风险的影响的收养设计。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks renewal funding for a unique and innovative longitudinal study of adopted and non-adopted families. The Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS) includes 409 adopted and 208 non-adopted families. At intake, each family consisted of pair of adolescent siblings and their rearing parents, a total of 2394 individuals. SIBS offspring have completed an intake assessment in mid-adolescence, a first follow-up (FU1) assessment in late-adolescence, and are in the midst of a second follow-up (FU2) assessment in early adulthood. Rate of participation at FU1 and to date in FU2 is well above 90 percent. Intake and FU assessments are extensive and include: 1) comprehensive assessment of common externalizing (e.g., conduct disorder, substance use disorders, ADHD) and internalizing (depression, anxiety disorders) psychopathology; 2) substance use, abuse, and dependence; 3) individual-level markers of risk (personality, academic ability and progress); 4) family relationships (both parent-offspring and sibling); and 5) other environmental risk factors (e.g., peer group, religiousness, life stress, neighborhood). The current application has 4 specific aims, to: 1) complete the FU2 assessment, 2) analyze FU1 and FU2 data to determine the nature of familial risk for common mental disorders; 3) use the principle of Mendelian Randomization to test the effect of adolescent alcohol use and misuse on risk of mental health and substance use disorders in early adulthood; and 4) determine whether individuals adopted in infancy are at heightened risk for mental disorders as young adults. Analysis of SIBS intake data demonstrates that this is a unique study that is making important observations on, for example, the effect of maternal depression, the impact of parent antisocial behavior, the consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse, and the mental health of US adopted youth. Continued support for this program of research will allow us to chart the trajectory of the development of common mental disorders from mid-adolescence through early adulthood, using an adoption design that allows us to identify familial environmental as well as genetic contributions to risk.