What Facets of Family Violence Affect Child Functioning

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童遭受伴侣虐待（CE）是一个重大的公共卫生问题。最近一项对3-7岁儿童父母的可推广样本的研究发现，身体CE的比例为48%，身体/情感CE为63%。在一系列结果（内化和外化问题，社会问题，学术问题，负面影响/痛苦和负面认知），CE，与非CE相比，儿童的情况更糟。 在这个建议中，我们首先提出了一个启发式的路线图，以指导CE定义的研究，勾勒出温和的和中介的关系，连接CE和负面的儿童结果。然后，我们概述了解决悖论的五个步骤的过程：有一个概念模型，用它来指定关键CE方面，提高测量的方面，测试方面的结果协会（控制非CE变量[如夫妻冲突，不称职的父母，和儿童受害]，以确保简约），并筛选CE和儿童受害方面。我们将研究CE方面/结果的关系，在一个可推广的样本400个家庭与4-8岁的儿童招募通过随机数字拨号和评估两个实验室访问6个月。该项目的具体目标如下：1）确定CE在具有4 - 8岁儿童的家庭的可推广社区样本中的患病率。建立（a）暴露状态和方面与（B）儿童外化问题、内化问题、社会适应、学校适应、迷走神经张力和反应以及该样本中男孩和女孩的认知功能之间关系的效应量。 2)通过应用适度的框架，以确定是什么使暴露于IPV的一些情况下影响儿童和其他人不，确定哪些方面的儿童的暴露于IPV涉及到儿童功能的并发和未来的方面。确定是否存在阈值效应。如果是，确定阈值。 3)通过应用适度的框架，以确定是什么使一些受害的情况下影响儿童和其他人，确定哪些方面的儿童受害的父母涉及到当前和未来的儿童功能方面。确定是否存在阈值效应。如果是，确定阈值。 4)确定暴露和受害的有意义方面在多大程度上是由（a）非虐待性婚姻冲突，（B）不称职的父母，或（c）两者介导的。 5)建立一个多方面的模型，IPV暴露和受害如何直接和间接地与儿童结果的类别相关，通过7个指定的步骤完成。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children's exposure to partner maltreatment (CE) is a public health concern of substantial magnitude. A recent study of a generalizable sample of parents with a 3-7 year-old found the rate of physical CE to be 48% and physical/emotional CE to be 63%. On a host of outcomes (internalizing and externalizing problems, social problems, academic problems, negative affect/distress and negative cognitions), CE, compared to non-CE, children fare worse. In this proposal, we first present a heuristic roadmap to guide CE definitional research by sketching the moderational and mediational relations linking CE and negative child outcomes. We then outline a five step process for resolving the paradox: have a conceptual model, use it to specify key CE facets, improve measurement of the facets, test facet-outcome associations (controlling for non-CE variables [such as couple conflict, inept parenting, and child victimization] to ensure parsimony), and winnow CE and child victimization facets. We will examine CE facet/ outcome relations in a generalizable sample of 400 families with 4-8 year-old children recruited through random digit dialing and assessed at two lab visits 6 months apart. The specific aims of the project are as follows: 1) Determine the prevalence of CE in a generalizable community sample of families with 4 - 8 year-old children. Establish the effect size of relations between (a) exposure status and facets and (b) child externalizing problems, internalizing problems, social adjustment, school adjustment, vagal tone and reactivity, and cognitive functioning for boys and girls in this sample. 2) By applying a moderational framework to identify what makes exposure to some instances of IPV impact children and others not, determine which facets of children's exposure to IPV relate to concurrent and future aspects of child functioning. Determine if threshold effects are present. If so, determine the thresholds. 3) By applying a moderational framework to identify what makes some instances of victimization impact children and others not, determine which facets of children's victimization by parents relate to concurrent and future aspects of child functioning. Determine if threshold effects are present. If so, determine the thresholds. 4) Determine the extent to which meaningful facets of exposure and victimization are mediated by (a) non-abusive marital conflict, (b) inept parenting, or (c) both. 5) Build a multifaceted model of how IPV exposure and victimization directly and indirectly relate to classes of child outcomes, accomplished through 7 specified steps.