THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。妇女健康倡议是美国国立卫生研究院赞助的一项为期13年的临床试验（CT）和观察性研究（OS）。该临床试验旨在确定激素替代疗法、饮食改变和/或钙和维生素D补充对50-79岁绝经后妇女心血管疾病、癌症和骨质疏松症的有效性。在这项随机临床试验中，来自40个中心的63,000名妇女被跟踪调查，平均时间为9年。爱荷华大学有三个诊所，其中一个在GCRC。女性有资格接受激素替代（HRT）或饮食改变（DM）治疗，或两者兼而有之。所有符合条件的试验参与者都被邀请参加钙/维生素D （CaD）研究。有待检验的假设包括：1)激素替代疗法是否降低冠心病和骨质疏松相关骨折的风险；2)糖尿病是否能降低乳腺癌、结直肠癌和冠心病的风险；3) CaD是否能降低骨质疏松相关骨折和结直肠癌的风险？该研究还将在一组观察性妇女中确定导致发病率和死亡率的生物学、行为、职业和环境风险因素。OS包括93,721名符合CT条件或不想参加CT的妇女。OS的目标是：1)提高对绝经后妇女冠心病、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、骨折和总死亡率的预测；2)为评估疾病因果关系的新假设创造资源；3)检查疾病和总死亡率的个体特征变化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The Women's Health Initiative is a NIH-sponsored 13 year Clinical Trial (CT) and Observational Study (OS). The clinical trial is designed to determine the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, diet modification and/or calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women ages 50-79 years old. A total of 63,000 women from 40 centers are being followed in this randomized clinical trial for an average of nine years. The University of Iowa has three clinic sites, one in the GCRC. Women were eligible for either the hormone replacement (HRT) or diet modification (DM) therapies or both. All eligible trial participants were invited to participate in the calcium/Vitamin D (CaD) study. The hypotheses to be tested include: 1) does HRT reduce the risk of coronary disease and osteoporosis-related fractures; 2) does DM reduce the risk of breat cancer, colorectal cancer, and coronary heart disease; and 3) does CaD reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures and colorectal cancer? The study will also determine biological, behavioral, occupational and environmental risk factors for morbidity and mortality in an observational cohort of women. The OS consists of 93,721 women who were eligible for the CT or who did not want to participate in the CT. The goals of the OS are to: 1) improve prediction of coronary disease, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, fractures, and total mortality in postmenopausal women; 2) create a resource for evaluation of new hypotheses in causation of disease; and 3) examine the changes in individual characteristics on disease and total mortality.