Residential Segregation, Neighborhood Social Environment, and Preterm Birth among

居住隔离、邻里社会环境与早产

• 批准号: 7612988
• 负责人: Susan M. Mason
• 金额: $ 3.74万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7612988
• 关键词: Residential; Segregation; Neighborhood; Social; Environment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Because it is a leading contributor to racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified preterm birth as a vital subject for public health research. While the causes of preterm birth and preterm birth disparities are not well understood, a growing body of literature implicates neighborhood social and material environments as determinants of poor birth outcomes. Residential segregation organizes racial and ethnic groups into different neighborhoods, and as such it may contribute to preterm birth disparities by influencing the distribution of risk factors and resources across population groups. Thus, building a nation of Healthy People in Healthy Places may depend on addressing residential segregation as a social determinant of health in minority communities. Previous research has documented detrimental social, economic, and health effects of residential segregation on the US black population. Some theoretical literature and a few epidemiologic studies have suggested that neighborhood-level racial/ethnic homogeneity resulting from segregation may be beneficial for certain health outcomes, however. Segregation may, in fact, have both positive and negative effects on health, the balance of which may differ across ethnic groups and contexts; for example, positive birth outcomes among Hispanics are often attributed to beneficial health behaviors and social support that may be promoted in Hispanic neighborhoods. Thus, appropriately addressing residential segregation as a social determinant of preterm birth requires an understanding of the potentially complex relationship between segregation and health. Because most studies of segregation and health have included only US-born non-Hispanic black and white populations, however, this complexity remains largely unexplored. Moreover, previous studies have used aspatial measures of segregation that ignore potentially important spatial relationships between neighborhoods. The proposed study will use a spatial measure of segregation and New York City birth records (1995-2003) linked to 2000 Census data in order to (1) assess the effects of segregation, defined as own-ethnic-group density in the residential area, on preterm birth risk in 14 groups including US- and foreign-born whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians; (2) examine whether preterm birth risk among black women residing in non-black neighborhoods is affected by the specific ethnic groups that are present; and (3) among foreign-born black women, explore the extent to which preterm birth risk is influenced by the density of individuals in a woman's neighborhood who share her region-of-origin ("cultural") group.

描述（由申请人提供）：由于早产是造成婴儿死亡率种族和民族差异的主要因素，疾病控制和预防中心已将早产确定为公共卫生研究的重要主题。虽然早产和早产差异的原因还没有得到很好的理解，越来越多的文献暗示邻里社会和物质环境作为不良出生结果的决定因素。居住隔离将种族和族裔群体组织到不同的社区，因此，它可能通过影响风险因素和资源在人口群体中的分布而导致早产差异。因此，建设一个在健康的地方有健康的人的国家可能取决于解决居住隔离问题，这是少数民族社区健康的一个社会决定因素。以前的研究已经记录了美国黑人人口居住隔离对社会，经济和健康的不利影响。然而，一些理论文献和一些流行病学研究表明，隔离导致的社区一级种族/民族同质性可能对某些健康结果有益。事实上，种族隔离可能对健康产生积极和消极的影响，其平衡可能因种族群体和背景而异;例如，西班牙裔人的积极生育结果通常归因于有益的健康行为和社会支持，这些行为和社会支持可能在西班牙裔社区得到促进。因此，适当解决居住隔离作为早产的社会决定因素，需要了解隔离和健康之间潜在的复杂关系。然而，由于大多数关于种族隔离和健康的研究只包括美国出生的非西班牙裔黑人和白色人群，这种复杂性在很大程度上仍未得到探索。此外，之前的研究使用了空间隔离措施，忽视了社区之间潜在的重要空间关系。拟议中的研究将使用隔离和纽约市出生记录的空间措施（1995-2003）与2000年人口普查数据相关联，以（1）评估隔离（定义为居住区内本种族群体密度）对14个群体（包括美国和外国出生的白人、黑人、西班牙裔和亚洲人）早产风险的影响;（2）研究居住在非黑人社区的黑人妇女的早产风险是否受到存在的特定种族群体的影响;（3）在外国出生的黑人妇女中，探讨早产风险在多大程度上受到妇女所在社区中与她有共同地区（“文化”）群体的个人密度的影响。