Collaborative Research: Neighborhood Knowledge, Selection, and Segregation

合作研究：邻里知识、选择和隔离

• 批准号: 1324024
• 负责人: Michael Bader
• 金额: $ 1.38万
• 依托单位: American University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324024&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Neighborhood; Knowledge; Selection

SES-1324039Maria KrysanUniversity of Illinois ChicagoSES-1324024Michael BaderAmerican UniversitySES-1323060Kyle CrowderUniversity of WashingtonAt its core, this project flows from the idea that in several areas of research (from racial residential segregation, to the study of neighborhood effects, to general interests in residential mobility) we know relatively little about how people end up living where they do. From the standpoint of neighborhood effects research (that is, understanding how the social context in which you are embedded shapes your life outcomes) there is the persistent thorny question of selection: are observed differences in outcomes across neighborhoods due to differences in neighborhood context, or due to differences in what leads a person to be in a particular neighborhood in the first place? In the area of residential segregation, theories of its causes have focused on preferences, discrimination, and economics but have been largely silent on the residential search process and how it contributes to segregation. Evident in both areas of research is that we know relatively little about the process of neighborhood selection. However, what we do know points to the importance of understanding people's experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of communities throughout their metropolitan area. We need to know how people live in cities: which neighborhoods they access on a regular basis, how they perceive various neighborhoods in the metropolitan area, where they search for housing when it is time to move, which areas they know little about and/or avoid, and which factors determine where they choose to live. Existing data-collection tools are inadequate for efficiently collecting data on these potentially crucial aspects of residential selection because they have focused on perceptions of the neighborhoods in which people do live, and have tracked movements of individuals across space, but they lack information on perceptions of other potential residential locations?those not occupied by the respondents. They also do not answer questions about how those perceptions are shaped by daily experiences, residential histories, and social networks. The purpose of this project is to develop an innovative computer-aided survey tool to measure individuals' perceptions, experiences with, and knowledge of, a large number of communities and neighborhoods within their larger metropolitan area. The tool, which will utilize interactive, computer-based mapping features, will be designed for incorporation into a large-scale survey designed to assess the multifaceted factors that drive processes of neighborhood choice and maintain residential segregation by race and ethnicity. This new set of survey tools will permit, for the first time, the collection of detailed data about how individuals, access, experience, and perceive large numbers of neighborhoods within their region. This information, when combined with survey data on individual economic characteristics, family dynamics, social attitudes, and other factors that shape residential decision-making will provide the ability to test both traditional theories of the causes of racial residential segregation and previously unexplored factors related to knowledge of, experiences in, and perceptions of communities in the metropolitan area. Broader Impacts The social problems at the core of this research proposal?racial inequality in particular, and the influence of neighborhood conditions on individual outcomes in general?are of great social significance and concern. Residential segregation has been shown to have an array of negative consequences for individuals and communities across a host of outcomes, including health, education, employment, and exposure to crime. To understand how to address these problems, it is critical to understand the processes that generate them. Our proposal offers the development of a set of innovative tools to collect data on previously ignored facets of these residential selection processes. The topic and project will be of interest beyond sociology: social scientists across a range of disciplines are interested in the question of how context, especially neighborhood of residence, shapes life outcomes. From the standpoint of survey methodology, the project also promises innovative uses of survey technology in general (use of laptop/tablet combinations in CAPI), and mapping technology in particular (for survey measurement, as against the sample management and interviewer assignment tasks for which it has been used previously).

在其核心，这个项目源于这样一个想法，即在几个研究领域（从种族居住隔离到邻里效应的研究，再到对居住流动性的普遍兴趣），我们对人们最终如何居住在他们所居住的地方知之甚少。从邻里效应研究的角度来看（也就是说，了解你所处的社会环境如何塑造你的生活结果），有一个持续存在的棘手问题：观察到的结果差异是由于邻里环境的差异，还是由于导致一个人首先出现在特定邻里的差异？在居住隔离领域，其原因的理论主要集中在偏好，歧视和经济学上，但在很大程度上对住宅搜索过程及其如何导致隔离保持沉默。 在这两个领域的研究中，我们对邻域选择的过程知之甚少。然而，我们所知道的是，了解人们的经验、知识和对整个大都市地区社区的看法非常重要。 我们需要知道人们如何在城市生活：他们经常访问哪些社区，他们如何看待大都市地区的各种社区，当他们需要搬家时，他们在哪里寻找住房，他们对哪些地区知之甚少和/或避免，以及哪些因素决定了他们选择居住的地方。 现有的数据收集工具不足以有效地收集这些潜在的关键方面的住宅选择的数据，因为他们专注于人们居住的社区的看法，并跟踪个人的运动在空间上，但他们缺乏其他潜在的住宅位置的看法信息？那些没有被回答的人。 他们也没有回答日常经历、居住历史和社交网络如何塑造这些感知的问题。 该项目的目的是开发一种创新的计算机辅助调查工具，以衡量个人的看法，经验和知识，大量的社区和社区内的大都市地区。这一工具将利用交互式计算机绘图功能，将被设计成纳入一项大规模调查，旨在评估推动邻里选择进程和维持按种族和族裔分列的居住隔离的多方面因素。 这套新的调查工具将首次允许收集有关个人如何访问，体验和感知其区域内大量社区的详细数据。这些信息，当结合调查数据的个人经济特征，家庭动态，社会态度，以及其他因素，塑造住宅决策将提供的能力，以测试两个传统理论的原因种族居住隔离和以前未探索的因素有关的知识，经验，并在大都市地区的社区的看法。 更广泛的影响本研究建议的核心社会问题？特别是种族不平等，以及邻里条件对个人结果的影响？具有重大的社会意义和社会关注。居住隔离已被证明对个人和社区产生一系列负面影响，包括健康、教育、就业和接触犯罪。要了解如何解决这些问题，关键是要了解产生这些问题的过程。 我们的建议提供了一套创新的工具来收集以前被忽视的方面，这些住宅选择过程的数据的发展。 该主题和项目将超越社会学的兴趣：跨一系列学科的社会科学家感兴趣的问题是背景，特别是居住区，如何塑造生活的结果。从调查方法的角度来看，该项目还有望创新地使用一般的调查技术（在CAPI中使用笔记本电脑/平板电脑组合），特别是绘图技术（用于调查测量，而不是以前使用的样本管理和访问者分配任务）。