Elevated Tendency to Appraise Events as Stressful in the Risk for Depression and

将事件视为有压力的事件会增加患抑郁症和抑郁症的风险

• 批准号: 7414621
• 负责人: Emmanuel P. Espejo
• 金额: $ 3.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-10 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7414621
• 关键词: Adverse event; Age; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Birth; Cessation of life; Child; Childhood; Collection; Condition; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; Family; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gender; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Interview; Life; Link; Living Wills; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mothers; Neurotic Disorders; Onset of illness; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Play; Prevention; Prevention intervention; Procedures; Process; Rate; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; Sampling; Score; Sex Characteristics; Statistical Models; Time; Youth; base; design; disorder risk; emotional distress; endophenotype; experience; farmer; improved; interest; male; maternal depression; novel; prospective

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current project will examine individual differences in the tendency to appraise events as stressful, in terms of having negative impact on personal well-being, in a study of risk for depression and anxiety disorders. The primary aim of this project is to establish whether an elevated tendency to appraise events as stressful poses increased risk for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. An additional aim of this project is to determine what factors may contribute to individual differences in the tendency to appraise events as stressful. Variables to be examined in predicting differences in the tendency to appraise events as stressful will include gender, familial risk for depression and anxiety disorders, and exposure to adverse circumstances in childhood. The goal of this project is to establish whether an elevated tendency to appraise events as stressful represents a core vulnerability factor through which other risk factors transmit risk for depression and anxiety disorders. The proposed project will be conducted using previously collected data from a large longitudinal sample of youth and their families (e.g., Hammen & Brennan, 2001), originally designed to examine predictors of depression in offspring of depressed mothers. This sample included over 800 (about 50% male) youths and their mothers who were followed longitudinally beginning at the time of the youth's birth, youth age 5, youth age 15, and youth age 20. The tendency to appraise events as stressful was assessed in youth at age 15 and will be examined in relation to depression and anxiety disorder history up to age 15, as well as in relation to prospective onsets of depression and anxiety disorders between age 15 and 20. A gender difference in the tendency to appraise events as stressful will be examined by comparing the stressful appraisal tendency among female compared to male youth. Data on youth exposure to adverse conditions were collected from mothers during the first five years of the child life and will be examined as a predictor of the tendency to appraise events as stressful at youth age 15. Familial risk for depression and anxiety disorders was determined by mother history of depression and anxiety disorder during the youths lifetime up to age 15 and will also be examined as a predictor of youth's tendency to appraise events as stressful at age 15. Finally, the interrelations of familial risk, exposure to early adversity, and gender on youth's tendency to appraise events as stressful and youth depression and anxiety disorder onset will be examined using a statistical modeling procedure known as path analysis. Potential benefits of the proposed study include increased understanding of factors that may pose vulnerability for depression and anxiety disorders as well as the elucidation of mechanisms by which other risk variables pose risk for these disorders. Evidence in support of study hypotheses may eventually have implications for identifying endophenotypes for depression and anxiety disorders, as well as the identification of at-risk individuals who may be targeted for prevention. The relevance of the current project is that it may help elucidate more precisely what constitutes vulnerability for depression and anxiety disorders and help to delineate the processes by which other risk factors (specifically, familial risk, early environmental risk, and risk as a function of female gender) confer their effects. Establishing that an elevated tendency to appraise events as stressful represents a core vulnerability factor for depression and anxiety disorders and understanding the mechanisms through which gender effects and familial, and early environmental risk factors confer risk for these may contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies and ultimately reduce the burden associated with these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：当前项目将在一项抑郁症和焦虑症风险研究中，从对个人福祉产生负面影响的角度，考察将事件评价为压力事件的个体差异。该项目的主要目的是确定将事件视为压力的倾向是否会增加患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。该项目的另一个目的是确定哪些因素可能导致个体在将事件评价为压力的倾向方面存在差异。在预测将事件评价为压力的倾向差异时，需要检查的变量包括性别、患抑郁症和焦虑症的家族风险以及童年时期是否经历过不利环境。该项目的目标是确定将事件视为有压力的倾向是否是一个核心脆弱因素，其他风险因素通过该因素传递抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。拟议的项目将使用先前从青少年及其家庭的大型纵向样本中收集的数据进行（例如，Hammen＆Brennan，2001），最初旨在检查抑郁母亲的后代的抑郁症预测因素。该样本包括超过 800 名（约 50% 男性）青少年及其母亲，他们从青少年出生时、青少年 5 岁、青少年 15 岁和青少年 20 岁开始进行纵向跟踪。在青少年 15 岁时评估了将事件评价为有压力的倾向，并将检查其与 15 岁之前的抑郁症和焦虑症病史的关系，以及与 15 岁至 15 岁之间抑郁症和焦虑症的预期发作的关系。 20. 性别差异 将通过比较女性与男性青年的压力评估倾向来检验将事件评估为压力的倾向。青少年在儿童生命的前五年期间接触不利条件的数据是从母亲那里收集的，并将作为青少年在 15 岁时将事件评价为有压力的倾向的预测因素进行检查。抑郁症和焦虑症的家族风险是由青少年在 15 岁之前的一生中抑郁和焦虑症的母亲病史确定的，并且还将作为青少年在 15 岁时将事件评价为有压力的倾向的预测因素进行检查。最后，家庭风险、暴露程度之间的相互关系 将使用称为路径分析的统计建模程序来检查早期逆境的影响，以及性别对青少年将事件评价为有压力的倾向以及青少年抑郁症和焦虑症发作的影响。拟议研究的潜在好处包括增加对可能导致抑郁症和焦虑症易感性的因素的了解，以及阐明其他风险变量对这些疾病造成风险的机制。支持研究假设的证据最终可能会对识别抑郁症和焦虑症的内表型以及识别可能成为预防目标的高危个体产生影响。当前项目的相关性在于，它可能有助于更准确地阐明抑郁症和焦虑症的脆弱性，并有助于描述其他风险因素（特别是家庭风险、早期环境风险和女性性别函数的风险）产生影响的过程。确定将事件评价为有压力的倾向是抑郁症和焦虑症的核心脆弱因素，并了解性别影响、家庭和早期环境风险因素赋予这些疾病风险的机制，可能有助于制定预防和干预策略，并最终减轻与这些疾病相关的负担。