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Contextual Predictions Facilitate Visual Cognition

情境预测促进视觉认知

基本信息

批准号：
7473178
负责人：
Moshe Bar
金额：
$ 62.62万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-09-15 至 2010-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Objects in our environment tend to be grouped in typical contexts. We hypothesize that the human brain extracts such contextual information rapidly and uses it to generate predictions that subsequently guide cognition efficiently. In a series of behavioral and neuroimaging experiments, we have previously revealed the cortical network that is uniquely activated during contextual processing of everyday objects. This network is comprised of three primary foci, located in the parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex and superior orbital prefrontal cortex. Building on our initial results, we propose fifteen experiments to address three specific aims. In Aim 1 we will define the relative role and properties of each major component in the cortical network that mediates contextual processing, and characterize the cortical dynamics underlying their orchestration. In Aim 2 we will study the interaction between contextual processing and object recognition, and will test our model of how context facilitates recognition. Specifically, we propose that contextual information is extracted rapidly based on coarse information in the image, which subsequently derives predictions that facilitate visual object recognition. Finally, Aim 3 is designed to test our proposal that contextual representations include gist information about objects that tend to share the same "context frame," as well as information about the typical spatial relations among them. The experiments integrate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), computational methods and purely cognitive and psychophysical experiments. Scene recognition and contextual associations are fundamentally important for many aspects of our day-to-day lives, and understanding how they are accomplished is essential for any complete theory of the brain. Finally, while the focus of the proposed studies is on basic research, it is anticipated that the characterization of these mechanisms would provide a platform from which to evaluate their dysfunctions during mental illness.

描述(由申请人提供)：我们环境中的对象倾向于在典型的上下文中分组。我们假设，人脑快速提取这样的背景信息，并使用它来产生预测，从而有效地指导认知。在一系列的行为和神经成像实验中，我们之前已经揭示了在日常物体的语境处理过程中唯一激活的皮质网络。该网络由三个主要病灶组成，分别位于海马旁皮质、脾后皮质和眶上前额叶皮质。在我们初步结果的基础上，我们提出了15个实验，以解决三个具体目标。在目标1中，我们将定义大脑皮层网络中每个主要成分的相对作用和性质，并描述其协调下的皮层动力学。在目标2中，我们将研究语境处理和对象识别之间的相互作用，并将测试我们的模型，即语境如何促进识别。具体地说，我们提出了基于图像中的粗略信息快速提取上下文信息，从而得出有助于视觉对象识别的预测。最后，Aim 3旨在测试我们的建议，即上下文表示包括关于倾向于共享相同“上下文框架”的对象的主要信息，以及关于它们之间典型空间关系的信息。这些实验融合了功能磁共振成像(FMRI)、脑磁图(MEG)、扩散张量成像(DTI)、计算方法以及纯粹的认知和心理物理实验。场景识别和上下文关联对于我们日常生活的许多方面都是基本重要的，理解它们是如何实现的对于任何完整的大脑理论都是至关重要的。最后，虽然拟议研究的重点是基础研究，但预计这些机制的特征将提供一个平台，以评估其在精神疾病期间的功能障碍。