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Prefrontal -> Top Down Contribution to Object Recognition

前额叶 -> 自上而下对物体识别的贡献

基本信息

批准号：
7860564
负责人：
Moshe Bar
金额：
$ 62.97万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-01 至 2012-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7860564
关键词：
Address Affective Agnosia Anomia Appearance Area Back Brain Clinical Communication Demyelinations Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disease Dyslexia Event Feedback Feeds Foundations Frequencies Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Generations Image Inferior Judgment Left Life Link Magnetoencephalography Medial Mediating Methods Modeling Multimodal Imaging Multiple Sclerosis Nature Outcome Parkinson Disease Pathway interactions Pattern Perception Performance Predictive Value Predisposition Prefrontal Cortex Process Property Prosopagnosia Psychophysics Psychophysiology Resolution Schizophrenia Sensory Speed Stimulus Stream Taste Perception Temporal Lobe Testing Visual Visual Cortex Visual Pathways Visual impairment Work achromatopsia base feeding information processing insight magnocellular nervous system disorder novel object recognition parvocellular research study response theories visual information white matter

项目摘要

Efficient visual recognition is critical for many aspects of our lives, and understanding how il is accomplished is essential for any complete theory of the brain. One primary reason for the efficiency of object recognition is its facilitation by top-down, feedback processes. We have been tasting a top-down facilitation model according to which coarse, low spatial frequency, image is quickly extracted from early visual regions and projected to the orbitofrontal cortex, where this Agisr' information is used to generate predictions about potential stimulus identity. The predictions are then fed back to the object recognition areas in the inferior temporal cortex to aid the boltom-up processing in the ventral visual stream. Our previous studies have already revealed a recognition network in which the spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical events, and the primary information exchanged, are consistent with OUf top-down facilitation model. These findings raise a host of important questions about the structural, functional and communication properties of the top-down facilitation network. In particular, we propose to apply our multimodal imaging approach. capitalizing on the complementary strengths of psychophysical paradigms, functional and diffusion MRI, and magnetoencephalography to achieve the following specifiC aims: 1) To study the nature of the prefrontal cortex representations that participate in faCilitating object recognition; 2) To begin characterizing the properties of the pathways mediating top-down facilitation; and 3) To reveal how top-down predictions are generated and integrated with the bottom-up stream. It is expected that the outcome of the six experiments proposed here will provide the foundations and will subsequently stimulate a critical expansion of these aims. We antiCipate thai the characterization of these mechanisms will inform clinical mOdels underlying several disorders. For example, magnocellular pathway abnormalities have been associated with visual deficits in schizophrenia and dyslexia. In addition the proposed examination of the cortical visual pathways will enhance our understanding of visual impairments such as visual agnOSia and anomia, prosopagnosia and achromatopsia. Lastly, the proposed DTI experiments can contribute insights for the treatment of demyelination diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

高效的视觉识别对于我们生活的许多方面都至关重要，并且理解它是如何实现的对于任何完整的大脑理论都是至关重要的。一小学物体识别之所以高效，是因为它通过自上而下的反馈来促进流程。我们一直在尝试一种自上而下的促进模式，根据该模式粗糙、低空间频率，从早期视觉区域快速提取图像投射到眶额皮质，Agisr 信息用于生成关于潜在刺激特性的预测。然后将预测反馈给下颞叶皮层中的物体识别区域可帮助进行 Boltom-up 处理腹侧视觉流。我们之前的研究已经揭示了一个认识网络，其中皮质事件的时空动态以及初级信息交换，与 OUf 自上而下的促进模型一致。这些研究结果提出了一系列关于结构、功能和自上而下的促进网络的通信特性。我们特别建议应用我们的多模态成像方法。发挥互补优势心理物理学范式、功能性和扩散性 MRI，以及脑磁图实现以下具体目标： 1) 研究本质参与促进物体识别的前额皮质表征； 2) 开始表征介导自上而下促进的途径的特性； 3）揭示自上而下的预测是如何生成并与自下而上的流。预计这里提出的六个实验的结果将提供基础并将随后刺激这些目标的关键扩展。我们预计这些机制的特征将为临床模型提供信息潜在的几种疾病。例如，大细胞通路异常与精神分裂症和阅读障碍的视觉缺陷有关。此外拟议的皮质视觉通路检查将增强我们的理解视觉障碍，例如视觉失认症和失智症、面容失认症和色盲。最后，拟议的 DTI 实验可以为以下方面提供见解：治疗脱髓鞘疾病，如多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。