Subversion of insect resistance: A novel role for a plant viral silencing suppressor

昆虫抗性的颠覆：植物病毒沉默抑制剂的新作用

• 批准号: BB/F014376/1
• 负责人: John Carr
• 金额: $ 49.71万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FF014376%2F1
• 关键词: Subversion; insect; resistance; novel; role

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the two most important viruses of field-grown and glasshouse horticultural crops in the UK and worldwide, causing considerable economic damage annually. Moreover it attacks more crop and wild-plant species than any other virus. An essential contributor to the success of CMV is a recently discovered factor made by the virus, which is called the 2b protein. Until recently the most important known role for the 2b protein was that it counter-attacks the resistance mechanisms that plants use to defend themselves against virus infection. We have now discovered another remarkable and novel property of the 2b protein: it inhibits plant defences against insects. This is very important because under natural conditions, CMV (like most plant viruses) is transmitted from plant to plant by aphids. Aphids are a group of insects that feed on plants and in doing so cause damage and promote the spread of disease caused by viruses and other disease-causing organisms. We can imagine that it will be in the interests of the virus to inhibit defences against insects so that sufficient aphids will be born on CMV-infected plants to pass on the infection to new host plants. We found that the 2b protein blocks the action of a natural chemical signal, jasmonate, which stimulates anti-insect defences in plants. We also discovered that in plants infected with a mutant strain of CMV that is unable to make the 2b protein, these defences are activated. We will determine whether it is a substance made by the virus itself, or the stress of viral infection, which triggers the anti-insect responses. In addition we will identify the anti-insect materials produced by plants in response to infection with the mutant strain of the virus, and how the 2b protein inhibits this response in plants infected with the naturally-occurring virus.

黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）是英国和世界范围内田间和温室园艺作物上最重要的两种病毒之一，每年造成相当大的经济损失。此外，它比任何其他病毒攻击更多的作物和野生植物物种。CMV成功的一个重要因素是最近发现的病毒因子，称为2b蛋白。直到最近，2b蛋白最重要的已知作用是它反击植物用来保护自己免受病毒感染的抗性机制。我们现在发现了2b蛋白质的另一个显著而新颖的特性：它抑制植物对昆虫的防御。这一点非常重要，因为在自然条件下，CMV（像大多数植物病毒一样）通过蚜虫在植物之间传播。蚜虫是一组以植物为食的昆虫，这样做会造成损害，并促进病毒和其他致病生物引起的疾病的传播。我们可以想象，抑制对昆虫的防御，使足够的蚜虫在受CMV感染的植物上出生，将感染传给新的宿主植物，将符合病毒的利益。我们发现，2b蛋白阻断了一种天然化学信号茉莉酸的作用，茉莉酸可以刺激植物的抗虫防御。我们还发现，在感染了不能产生2b蛋白的CMV突变株的植物中，这些防御被激活。我们将确定它是由病毒本身产生的物质，还是病毒感染的压力，触发了抗昆虫反应。此外，我们还将鉴定植物对病毒突变株感染产生的抗虫物质，以及2b蛋白如何抑制感染天然病毒的植物的这种反应。

项目成果

The Effects of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Its 2a and 2b Proteins on Interactions of Tomato Plants with the Aphid Vectors Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae.

• DOI: 10.3390/v14081703
• 发表时间: 2022-08-01
• 期刊: Viruses

Natural and engineered resistance to plant viruses, part II. Preface.

• DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(10)76011-5
• 发表时间: 2010-01-01
• 期刊: Advances in virus research
• 作者: Carr, John Peter;Loebenstein, Gad
• 通讯作者: Loebenstein, Gad

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and its relationship to other plant RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep23082
• 发表时间: 2016-03-16
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Hunter LJ;Brockington SF;Murphy AM;Pate AE;Gruden K;MacFarlane SA;Palukaitis P;Carr JP
• 通讯作者: Carr JP

Salicylic acid treatment and expression of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 transgene inhibit lethal symptoms and meristem invasion during tobacco mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0705-8
• 发表时间: 2016-01-13
• 期刊: BMC plant biology
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Lee WS;Fu SF;Li Z;Murphy AM;Dobson EA;Garland L;Chaluvadi SR;Lewsey MG;Nelson RS;Carr JP
• 通讯作者: Carr JP