Effects of Hearing Status on Adult Speech Production

听力状态对成人言语产生的影响

• 批准号: 7196954
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 57.07万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7196954
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Age; Agreement; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Categories; Client; Cochlear Implants; Dimensions; Discrimination; Feedback; Financial compensation; Funding; Generations; Goals; Hearing; Implant; Incisor; Intention; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Length; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Mediating; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pattern; Perception; Play; Production; Prosthesis; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stress; System; Tars; Testing; Time; Training; Update; auditory feedback; base; deafness; design; digital; hearing impairment; implantation; indexing; insight; lexical; motor control; programs; research study; response; role model; size; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of this application for continuation funding are: to deepen significantly our understanding of how a speaker's auditory acuity influences his or her speech motor planning; to describe the speech perception and production of hearing-impaired adults and the effects of cochlear prostheses; and to evaluate and help refine a quantitative model of the role of hearing in speech. We pursue these goals by conducting experiments with normal-hearing speakers, and with postlingually deafened adults who receive cochlear implants. Our experiments measure the effects of the implants on speech in recordings made before implantation and up to 2 years after, as speakers' auditory acuity evolves. According to our model of the role of hearing in adult speech motor control, many of the goals of speech movements are in the auditory domain. Consequently, a central theme of this research is the role of auditory perception in the feedback and feedforward control systems that are used to achieve auditory goals during speech. Feedforward control is almost entirely responsible for generating articulatory movements in adults. However, when there is a mismatch between the speaker's intention and the resulting auditory feedback during production of a speech sound, that error leads to corrective motor commands that serve to update feedforward commands for subsequent movements. The speaker's ability to detect such a mismatch depends on his or her auditory acuity. The proposed research inquires into the role of auditory acuity when producing phoneme and lexical stress contrasts; when compensating for feedback perturbation of vowel formants or for mechanical perturbation of sibilant spectra; and when imitating synthesized vowels. To measure acuity, we present synthetic speech continuation for discrimination testing. To assess relations with acuity, we measure the degree of separation of contrastive phonemes and lexical stress; dispersion of productions around their phoneme means; compensation for formant shift and for mechanical perturbation of sibilant spectra; and imitation accuracy. In most of these experiments, we also block auditory feedback temporarily in order to reveal the state of feedforward commands. Analyses take demographic variables such as age at hearing loss and duration of implant use into account. Relevance to public health: Hearing oneself speak plays a 2-fold role in maintaining good speech-it may correct the pronunciation of speech sounds even as they are occurring and it can revise plans for producing the sound next time. When a speaker is seriously hearing-impaired, those 2 mechanisms do not function well and speech can deteriorate over time. This project studies the idea that the people most affected are those who cannot distinguish the different speech sounds well. The results can serve to stimulate research on new therapies in which certain speech disorders, including those of speech development, are alleviated by training clients to hear differences better among the sounds that they produce.

描述(申请人提供)：本次继续资助申请的目标是：显著加深我们对说话者的听觉敏锐度如何影响他或她的言语运动规划的理解；描述听力受损成年人的言语感知和产生以及人工耳蜗术的效果；以及评估和帮助完善听力在言语中作用的量化模型。我们通过对听力正常的说话者和接受人工耳蜗植入的语言后聋成年人进行实验来追求这些目标。我们的实验测量了植入前和植入后长达2年的录音中植入的语音对语音的影响，随着说话者的听觉敏锐度的变化。根据我们关于听觉在成人言语运动控制中的作用的模型，言语运动的许多目标都在听觉领域。因此，这项研究的一个中心主题是听觉知觉在语音过程中用于实现听觉目标的反馈和前馈控制系统中的作用。在成人中，前馈控制几乎完全负责产生关节运动。然而，当说话人的意图与语音产生期间产生的听觉反馈之间存在不匹配时，该错误会导致纠正运动命令，该命令用于更新后续动作的前馈命令。说话人察觉这种不匹配的能力取决于他或她的听觉敏锐度。这项研究探讨了听觉敏锐度在产生音素和词汇重音对比时、在补偿元音共振峰的反馈扰动或机械扰动时的作用，以及在模仿合成元音时的作用。为了测量敏锐度，我们提出了用于辨别测试的合成语音连续化。为了评估与敏锐度的关系，我们测量了对比音素和词汇重音的分离程度；产品在其音素周围的离散程度；对共振峰移动和机械干扰的补偿；以及模仿的准确性。在大多数这些实验中，我们也会暂时阻断听觉反馈，以揭示前馈命令的状态。分析将人口统计学变量，如听力损失的年龄和植入物的使用时间考虑在内。与公共健康相关：听自己说话对保持良好的语言能力具有双重作用--它可以纠正语音的发音，即使它们正在发生，它还可以修改下一次产生声音的计划。当说话者严重听力受损时，这两种机制不能很好地工作，随着时间的推移，语言可能会恶化。这个项目研究的观点是，受影响最大的人是那些不能很好地区分不同语音的人。这些结果可以刺激对新疗法的研究，在这些疗法中，某些言语障碍，包括言语发育障碍，可以通过训练客户更好地听到他们发出的声音之间的差异来缓解。