Effects of Hearing Status on Adult Speech Production

听力状态对成人言语产生的影响

• 批准号: 7196954
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 57.07万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7196954
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Age; Agreement; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Categories; Client; Cochlear Implants; Dimensions; Discrimination; Feedback; Financial compensation; Funding; Generations; Goals; Hearing; Implant; Incisor; Intention; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Length; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Mediating; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pattern; Perception; Play; Production; Prosthesis; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stress; System; Tars; Testing; Time; Training; Update; auditory feedback; base; deafness; design; digital; hearing impairment; implantation; indexing; insight; lexical; motor control; programs; research study; response; role model; size; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of this application for continuation funding are: to deepen significantly our understanding of how a speaker's auditory acuity influences his or her speech motor planning; to describe the speech perception and production of hearing-impaired adults and the effects of cochlear prostheses; and to evaluate and help refine a quantitative model of the role of hearing in speech. We pursue these goals by conducting experiments with normal-hearing speakers, and with postlingually deafened adults who receive cochlear implants. Our experiments measure the effects of the implants on speech in recordings made before implantation and up to 2 years after, as speakers' auditory acuity evolves. According to our model of the role of hearing in adult speech motor control, many of the goals of speech movements are in the auditory domain. Consequently, a central theme of this research is the role of auditory perception in the feedback and feedforward control systems that are used to achieve auditory goals during speech. Feedforward control is almost entirely responsible for generating articulatory movements in adults. However, when there is a mismatch between the speaker's intention and the resulting auditory feedback during production of a speech sound, that error leads to corrective motor commands that serve to update feedforward commands for subsequent movements. The speaker's ability to detect such a mismatch depends on his or her auditory acuity. The proposed research inquires into the role of auditory acuity when producing phoneme and lexical stress contrasts; when compensating for feedback perturbation of vowel formants or for mechanical perturbation of sibilant spectra; and when imitating synthesized vowels. To measure acuity, we present synthetic speech continuation for discrimination testing. To assess relations with acuity, we measure the degree of separation of contrastive phonemes and lexical stress; dispersion of productions around their phoneme means; compensation for formant shift and for mechanical perturbation of sibilant spectra; and imitation accuracy. In most of these experiments, we also block auditory feedback temporarily in order to reveal the state of feedforward commands. Analyses take demographic variables such as age at hearing loss and duration of implant use into account. Relevance to public health: Hearing oneself speak plays a 2-fold role in maintaining good speech-it may correct the pronunciation of speech sounds even as they are occurring and it can revise plans for producing the sound next time. When a speaker is seriously hearing-impaired, those 2 mechanisms do not function well and speech can deteriorate over time. This project studies the idea that the people most affected are those who cannot distinguish the different speech sounds well. The results can serve to stimulate research on new therapies in which certain speech disorders, including those of speech development, are alleviated by training clients to hear differences better among the sounds that they produce.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请继续资助的目标是：大大加深我们对说话者的听觉敏锐度如何影响他或她的言语运动规划的理解;描述听力受损成年人的言语感知和生产以及人工耳蜗的影响;并评估和帮助完善听力在言语中的作用的定量模型。为了实现这些目标，我们对听力正常的说话者和接受人工耳蜗植入的舌后聋成年人进行了实验。我们的实验测量了植入物对植入前和植入后2年内语音的影响，因为说话者的听觉敏锐度在发展。根据我们关于听觉在成人言语运动控制中的作用的模型，言语运动的许多目标都在听觉领域。因此，本研究的一个中心主题是听觉感知在反馈和前馈控制系统中的作用，这些系统用于在语音过程中实现听觉目标。前馈控制几乎完全负责产生成人的发音运动。然而，当说话者的意图与在语音产生期间产生的听觉反馈之间存在不匹配时，该错误导致用于更新用于后续运动的前馈命令的校正运动命令。说话者检测这种不匹配的能力取决于他或她的听觉敏锐度。拟议的研究探讨听觉敏锐度的作用时，生产音素和词汇的压力对比;当补偿反馈扰动的元音共振峰或机械扰动的咝音频谱;当模仿合成元音。为了测量敏锐度，我们提出了合成语音延续的歧视测试。为了评估与敏锐度的关系，我们测量对比音素和词汇压力的分离程度;分散的生产周围的音素手段;补偿共振峰位移和机械扰动的咝音频谱;和模仿的准确性。在这些实验中，我们也暂时阻止听觉反馈，以揭示前馈命令的状态。分析考虑了人口统计学变量，如听力损失的年龄和植入物使用的持续时间。与公共卫生的相关性：听自己说话在保持良好的语言能力方面起着双重作用--它可以纠正正在发生的语音发音，并且可以修改下次发声的计划。当说话者严重听力受损时，这两种机制不能很好地发挥作用，随着时间的推移，语音可能会恶化。这个项目研究的想法是，受影响最大的人是那些不能很好地区分不同语音的人。这些结果可以促进对新疗法的研究，在新疗法中，通过训练客户更好地听到他们产生的声音之间的差异，可以缓解某些语言障碍，包括语言发展障碍。