HEARING AND SPEECH--COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS

听力和言语——人工耳蜗用户

• 批准号: 2909902
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 44.9万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2001-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2909902
• 关键词: adult human (21+); auditory feedback; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cochlear implants; deafness; hearing; human subject; longitudinal human study; medical implant science; speech; voice

This research aims to characterize the speech production of postlingually deafened adults before and after they receive cochlear implants, in order to contribute to our understanding of disordered speech in deafness and the role of hearing in normal speech. Our findings to this point indicate significant deterioration of speech parameters in postlingually deafened adults and, following activation of their cochlear implants, substantial longitudinal changes, often, but not uniformly, in the direction of normalcy. The theoretical framework of our research provides that articulatory movements are programmed to achieve sequences of feature- specified articulatory and acoustic goals. This programming uses an acquired internal model of relations between articulatory commands and acoustic output; we term the parameter settings of this internal model the phonemic settings. With some hearing restored with a cochlear prosthesis, speakers change phonemic settings (reflected in, e.g., vowel F2, sibilant spectra) at the same time they make postural adjustments (e.g., reflected in such changes as average SPL, rate, FO). To develop and evaluate this theoretical framework, we propose conducting three kinds of experiments; (1) long-term, longitudinal studies of speech before and after implantation; (2) short-term studies, in which signals from the implant are modified or interrupted or, with hearing subjects, in which auditory feedback is temporarily altered; and (3) perceptual experiments, in which implant users identify phonemes and discriminate synthetic speech stimuli, and in which their intelligibility is evaluated by normally-hearing listeners. The experiments focus mainly on: three spectral contrasts (vowels, sibilants and plosives), a timing contrast (plosive voicing), coarticulation, variability of phoneme targets, and suprasegmental regulation of FO and SPL. We will test predictions derived from the theoretical framework; e.g., postural changes are more rapid than phonemic resettings; implant users will be able to discriminate those contrasts that they change pre- to post-activation; access to auditory validation of phonemic settings will reduce variability around phoneme target values; phoneme contrasts produced with access to self-hearing are more intelligible than those produced without it. The body of knowledge concerning the speech of implant users provides some information on "speech benefit" from the cochlear implant. Our findings also bear on broader theoretical issues in speech science, such as the articulatory underpinnings of disordered speech, especially in deafened adults; interrelations among speech parameters (linkages) in the speech of deafened adults and in speakers with normal hearing; the role of prosthetic hearing in determining the characteristics of implant-user speech; the role of hearing in articulatory programming in speakers with normal hearing.

本研究旨在描述语后言语产生的特征 耳聋的成年人在接受人工耳蜗植入之前和之后，为了 有助于我们理解耳聋患者的言语障碍和 听力在正常言语中的作用。 到目前为止我们的发现表明 语后聋患者言语参数显着恶化 成年人，并且在激活人工耳蜗后，大量 纵向变化，通常但不均匀地沿 常态。 我们研究的理论框架表明 关节运动被编程以实现一系列功能 指定的发音和声学目标。 该编程使用 获得发音命令之间关系的内部模型 声音输出；我们将该内部模型的参数设置称为 音位设置。 通过人工耳蜗恢复了部分听力 说话者改变音素设置（反映在元音 F2、咝擦音等） 光谱），同时他们进行姿势调整（例如，反射 平均声压级、速率、FO 等变化）。 为了开发和评估这个 理论框架，我们建议进行三种实验； (1) 言语前后的长期、纵向研究 植入； (2) 短期研究，其中来自植入物的信号 被修改或中断，或者对于听力受试者，其中听觉 反馈暂时改变； (3)感知实验，其中 植入物用户识别音素并区分合成语音刺激， 并且他们的清晰度是通过正常听力来评估的 听众。 实验主要集中在：三种光谱对比 （元音、咝音和爆破音）、时间对比（爆破音）、 协同发音、音素目标的可变性和超音段 FO 和 SPL 的调节。 我们将测试来自的预测 理论框架；例如，姿势变化比音素变化更快 重置；植入物使用者将能够区分那些对比 它们在激活前和激活后发生变化；获得听觉验证 音素设置将减少音素目标值的变异性； 通过自我听觉产生的音素对比更多 比没有它的作品更容易理解。 知识体系 关于植入物使用者的言语提供了一些关于“言语”的信息 受益于人工耳蜗植入。我们的研究结果还涉及更广泛的领域 言语科学中的理论问题，例如发音 言语障碍的基础，尤其是耳聋的成年人； 聋人言语中言语参数（链接）之间的相互关系 成人和听力正常的说话者；假肢听力的作用 确定植入物用户语音的特征；的作用 听力正常的说话人的发音编程中的听力。