Adolescent peer and family precursors of adult psychosocial functioning

描述(由申请者提供)：这项竞争性的延续申请考察了青少年同伴和家庭经历的发展模式，作为成年后长期心理社会结果的预测因素。我们建议对172名13岁至27岁的青少年、他们的父母、同龄人和恋人进行不同的社区抽样。我们侧重于青春期的两个阶段--建立自主性和维持和建立社会纽带的突出任务，并假设这些任务的解决将是理解成年人心理社会功能的基础。我们还评估了重要的认知、情感和背景因素，这些因素可能调节从青少年到成人的关系质量的连续性和间断性，并可能成为干预努力的目标。我们将我们的努力归结为三个主要目标：目标1：成人关系质量的父母和同龄人预测因素：我们从寻找持续到成年早期的青少年关系质量的关键连续性开始。我们把重点放在成人关系各方面的预测因素上，特别是社交孤立和敌意，众所周知，这些都与心理和身体健康密切相关。目标2：从青春期到成年期的连续性和不连续性的中介和调节者：接下来，我们考察了几个可能调节连续性或解释目标1中确定的间断的过程。我们专注于三个具体因素：个体的依恋组织、拒绝敏感性和主要的发展/背景转换。目的3：成人早期适应结果：青春期的直接和中介途径：最后，我们认为青春期在成年期内化和外化症状以及功能自主性发展的预测因子是管理自己的职业、经济和居住需求的能力。我们评估了这15年间青少年关系质量的直接预测，以及通过成人关系质量(目标1)和干预因素(目标2)进行的预测。这项研究建立在大量研究的基础上，这些研究考察了青春期功能的关系预测因素，但现在试图通过确定在青春期被认定为重要的社会关系的众多品质中，哪些实际上预测了成年后的长期生活结果，来扩展这项研究并奠定其基础。因此，它试图告知：a)从事青少年和早期成人工作的父母、教育工作者和临床医生；b)针对育儿行为和/或同伴影响的干预措施(例如，青少年犯罪、攻击性和药物滥用预防和治疗计划)；以及c)发展关于在生命的这一关键阶段社会关系和功能结果之间的联系的理论。公共卫生相关性：这项研究试图确定青少年与同龄人和父母之间关系的基本品质，这些品质可以预测成年人心理功能的长期成败。它的目的是提供知识，最终减少青春期晚期和成年期早期的外在症状(如青少年、攻击性、药物滥用)和内在性症状(如抑郁、焦虑、社交孤立)的发生率，方法是：a)父母、教育工作者和临床医生从事青少年和青少年早期工作；b)针对育儿行为和/或同伴影响(例如青少年、攻击性和药物滥用预防和治疗计划)的干预；以及c)发展关于社会关系和生命中这一关键部分的功能结果之间的联系的理论。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing continuation application examines a developmental model of adolescents' peer and family experiences as predictors of long-term psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. We propose to follow a diverse community sample of 172 adolescents, their parents, peers, and romantic partners from ages 13 to 27. We focus upon two stage-salient tasks of adolescence establishing autonomy and maintaining and building social bonds and hypothesize that the resolution of these tasks will be fundamental to understanding qualities of adult psychosocial functioning. We also assess important cognitive, affective, and contextual factors that may mediate continuities and discontinuities from adolescent to adult relationship quality and that may potentially serve as targets for intervention efforts. We organize our efforts into three primary Aims: Aim 1: Parent and Peer Predictors of Adult Relationship Quality: We begin by seeking to identify critical continuities in adolescent relationship qualities that persist into early adulthood. We focus upon predictors of aspects of adult relationships particularly social isolation and hostility known to be closely linked to both mental and physical health. Aim 2: Mediators & Moderators of Continuities and Discontinuities from Adolescence to Adulthood: We next examine several processes that potentially mediate the continuities or account for the discontinuities identified in Aim 1. We focus on three specific factors: the individual's attachment organization, rejection sensitivity, and major developmental/contextual transitions. Aim 3: Early Adult Adaptational Outcomes: Direct & Mediated Pathways from Adolescence: Finally, we consider adolescent-era predictors of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adulthood and of the development of functional autonomy the capacity to manage one's own career, financial, and residential needs. We assess both direct predictions from adolescent relationship qualities across this fifteen-year span, as well as predictions mediated via adult relationship qualities (Aim 1) and intervening factors (Aim 2). This study builds on the vast body of research that has examined relational predictors of functioning within adolescence but now seeks to extend and ground this research by determining which of the many qualities of social relationships that have been identified as important within adolescence are actually predictive of long-term, life outcomes in adulthood. As such, it seeks to inform: a) parents, educators, and clinicians working with adolescents and early adults; b) interventions targeting parenting behaviors and/or peer influences (e.g., delinquency, aggression, and substance abuse prevention and treatment programs); and c) developing theories of the links between social relationships and functional outcomes across this critical portion of the lifespan. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study seeks to identify essential qualities of adolescents' relationships with peers and parents that predict long-term success or failure in adult psychological functioning. It is designed to provide knowledge that will ultimately reduce the incidence of both externalizing symptoms (e.g., delinquency, aggression, substance abuse) and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, social isolation) in late adolescence and early adulthood by informing: a) parents, educators, and clinicians working with adolescents and early adults; b) interventions targeting parenting behaviors and/or peer influences (e.g., delinquency, aggression, and substance abuse prevention and treatment programs); and c) developing theories of the links between social relationships and functional outcomes across this critical portion of the lifespan.