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i~design 3: extending active living through more effective inclusive design

i~design 3：通过更有效的包容性设计扩展积极的生活

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D079322/1
负责人：
John Clarkson
金额：
$ 126.58万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD079322%2F1
关键词：
design extending active living through

项目摘要

Rapid and unprecedented population ageing poses a serious social and economic challenge across the developed world. Shifts in dependency ratios point to escalating welfare and pensions costs which require radical and imaginative responses from Government and industry. Key to this is maintaining a healthy population that is able and willing to work longer before retirement and can remain independent for as long as possible afterwards. A further requirement is to bring disabled people into mainstream life and employment. This challenge is recognised increasingly, resulting in new legislation impacting on the major world economies. Addressing it requires: (1) understanding wellbeing and its relationship to independence; (2) the redesign of workplaces and jobs to suit the changed profile of the working population.There is a global market for products and services designed with older and less able people in mind, and industry is responding to this opportunity, both in the UK and internationally. A recent survey (commissioned by the UK Department of Trade and Industry and undertaken by CITD with Professors Clarkson and Coleman) of UK companies awareness and skills gap with regard to inclusive design concluded that the majority of companies are aware of inclusive design and its benefits. However, barriers remain to industry uptake in the form of: (1) the lack of a perceived justifiable business case to support inclusive design; (2) the lack of knowledge and tools to practice inclusive design; (3) a better understanding of the difficulties experienced by the majority of users of new technology products; and (4) access to appropriate user sets. Importantly, the end-user data derived from earlier Office of National Statistics surveys on disability needs to be updated with data describing users from a product/user perspective, enabling designers to estimate better reasons for, and levels of, user exclusion and to provide greater insight in the search for better design solutions.Inclusion is an important topic within Government, as witnessed by a number of recent reports from the House of Lords and offices of the lower house. All see the need for change in government and industry to reduce exclusion in society, but few solutions are put forward that will encourage such change. It is also clear that descriptions of 'end-users', i.e. those that we wish to include, are vague and lacking in the detail required to encourage positive action. However, despite these shortcomings there is a mood for change and the proposed research team have good links with many of the government offices responsible for these reports.This proposal responds to the above challenges by extending the focus of earlier i~design work and expanding the research team to reflect these new priorities. The philosophy underlying inclusive design specifically extends the definition of users to include people who are excluded by rapidly changing technology, especially the elderly and ageing, and prioritises the role and value of extreme users in innovation and new product/service development. It also prioritises the context of use, both physical and psychological, and the complexity of interactions between products, services and interfaces in contexts of use such as independent living. Key research requirements are:1. Better descriptions of product/service users linked to more accurate data and represented in designer-friendly formats2. Closer integration of anthropometric, capability and social data3. More effective application of users and user data to job and workplace design, and healthcare systems design4. Better understanding of the extent and nature of exclusion (across the whole population) resulting from and associated with the implementation of new technologies5. Definition and verification of the means to capture a national user data set: designing and piloting the research requirements for a major survey capable of intern

前所未有的快速人口老龄化给发达国家带来了严峻的社会和经济挑战。抚养比的变化表明福利和养老金成本不断上升，这需要政府和行业采取激进和富有想象力的应对措施。其关键是维持健康的人口，他们能够并愿意在退休前工作更长时间，并在退休后尽可能长时间地保持独立。进一步的要求是让残疾人融入主流生活和就业。人们越来越认识到这一挑战，从而产生了影响世界主要经济体的新立法。解决这个问题需要：（1）了解福祉及其与独立的关系； (2) 重新设计工作场所和工作岗位，以适应工作人口状况的变化。针对老年人和能力较差的人设计的产品和服务存在全球市场，英国和国际上的工业界正在响应这一机遇。最近一项关于英国公司在包容性设计方面的意识和技能差距的调查（由英国贸易和工业部委托，由 CITD 与克拉克森和科尔曼教授进行）得出的结论是，大多数公司都意识到包容性设计及其好处。然而，行业采用的障碍仍然存在：（1）缺乏合理的商业案例来支持包容性设计；（2）缺乏实践包容性设计的知识和工具；（3）更加了解广大新技术产品用户遇到的困难； (4) 访问适当的用户集。重要的是，从早期国家统计局残疾调查中得出的最终用户数据需要用从产品/用户角度描述用户的数据进行更新，使设计人员能够更好地估计用户排斥的原因和水平，并在寻求更好的设计解决方案时提供更深入的见解。包容性是政府内部的一个重要主题，上议院和下议院办公室最近的一些报告证明了这一点。所有人都认为政府和行业需要进行变革以减少社会排斥，但很少有人提出鼓励这种变革的解决方案。同样明显的是，对“最终用户”（即我们希望包括的用户）的描述是模糊的，并且缺乏鼓励积极行动所需的细节。然而，尽管存在这些缺点，人们还是有改变的情绪，并且拟议的研究团队与负责这些报告的许多政府部门有着良好的联系。该提案通过扩展早期设计工作的重点并扩大研究团队以反映这些新的优先事项来应对上述挑战。包容性设计的理念特别扩展了用户的定义，包括那些被快速变化的技术排除在外的人，特别是老年人和老龄化人群，并优先考虑极端用户在创新和新产品/服务开发中的作用和价值。它还优先考虑使用环境，包括身体和心理，以及在独立生活等使用环境中产品、服务和界面之间交互的复杂性。主要研究要求是： 1．对产品/服务用户的更好描述链接到更准确的数据并以设计人员友好的格式表示2。人体测量、能力和社会数据的更紧密整合3。将用户和用户数据更有效地应用于工作和工作场所设计以及医疗保健系统设计4。更好地了解因新技术的实施而导致的和与之相关的排斥（针对整个人口）的程度和性质5。捕获国家用户数据集的方法的定义和验证：设计和试点能够实习的重大调查的研究要求