Engineering Enhanced Plants for Arsenic Remediation

砷修复工程强化工厂

• 批准号: 7538135
• 负责人: Om Parkash Dhankher
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: EDENSPACE SYSTEMS CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7538135
• 关键词: Address; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Binding; Biomass; Biomedical Engineering; Brassica napus; Country; Development; Edible Plants; Effectiveness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Pollution; Exposure to; Ferns; Food; Gene Expression; Genes; Goals; Harvest; Hazardous Waste; Health; Human; Human Activities; Industry; Lead; Massachusetts; Methods; Mouse-ear Cress; Numbers; Organ; Phase; Phenotype; Plant Model; Plant Roots; Plants; Poison; Public Health; Purpose; RNA Interference; Research; Risk; Seeds; Site; Small Business Technology Transfer Research; Soil; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Tissues; Toxin; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Transgenic Plants; Transplantation; United States; Universities; Water; Work; base; landfill; microbial; novel; remediation; size; tool; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Arsenic is one of the most serious environmental contaminants in the United States. The traditional method for arsenic remediation involves excavating the contaminated soil and disposing it in hazardous waste landfills. This method is highly labor intensive and costly, especially for large sites. An alternative remediation technique is phytoremediation, the use of plants to remove toxins from contaminated soils or water and concentrate the toxins in the biomass compared to the environment. Edenspace is an industry leader in the use of plants to remediate arsenic from contaminated soil or water and has worked on numerous sites across the country. Arsenic phytoremediation currently uses an arsenic-accumulating fern plant. While this perennial tropical plant is effective is accumulating and removing arsenic from the soil, its use is limited by the need to transplant young plants rather than growing plants from seed, and by its low tolerance for sustained temperatures below -5¿C. Development of alternative crops that are more widely adapted with similar abilities to accumulate arsenic will provide enhanced capabilities to address the problem of environmental arsenic. For this STTR project Edenspace and its research partner, the University of Massachusetts (UMass) propose to develop enhanced plants for arsenic phytoremediation. A number of plant and microbial genes have been isolated and characterized that confer fourfold increases in arsenic tolerance and uptake in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Because this plant has low commercial potential for remediation due to its small size, the team will bioengineer a highbiomass, non-food variety of a row crop, Brassica napus, with the transgenes. In Phase I, Edenspace will confirm that the transgenic B. napus shows the same arsenic tolerance and uptake phenotype observed in transgenic Arabidopsis, which will lead in Phase II to a small scale field demonstration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Arsenic is a highly toxic substance found either naturally in the environment or concentrated by human activity at contaminated sites, and provides significant health concerns to humans and wildlife. This project intends to develop an effective and economical technology capable of removing arsenic from the environment using plants and lowering the public's risk of exposure to arsenic.

描述（由申请人提供）：砷是美国最严重的环境污染物之一。传统的砷修复方法是挖掘污染土壤并将其填埋在危险废物填埋场。这种方法是高度劳动密集型和昂贵的，特别是对于大型站点。一种替代修复技术是植物修复，利用植物从污染的土壤或水中去除毒素，并将毒素集中在生物质中，与环境相比。Edenspace在利用植物修复受污染土壤或水中的砷方面处于行业领先地位，并在全国各地的许多地点开展了工作。砷植物修复目前使用的是一种富集砷的蕨类植物。虽然这种多年生热带植物在积累和清除土壤中的砷方面是有效的，但它的使用受到限制，因为它需要移植幼苗，而不是从种子中种植植物，而且它对零下5摄氏度以下的持续温度的耐受性较低。开发具有类似砷积累能力的更广泛适应的替代作物将提高解决环境砷问题的能力。对于这个STTR项目，Edenspace及其研究伙伴马萨诸塞大学（University of Massachusetts, UMass）提议开发用于砷修复的增强型植物。许多植物和微生物基因已被分离和鉴定，使模式植物拟南芥的砷耐受性和吸收量增加了四倍。由于这种植物体积小，修复的商业潜力很低，因此该团队将利用转基因生物工程技术培育出一种高生物量、非粮食品种的行栽作物——甘蓝型油菜。在第一阶段，Edenspace将证实转基因甘蓝型油菜显示出与转基因拟南芥相同的砷耐受性和摄取表型，这将导致第二阶段的小规模田间示范。与公共卫生的关系：砷是一种剧毒物质，可在环境中自然存在，或因受污染地点的人类活动而被浓缩，对人类和野生动物的健康造成重大影响。本项目旨在开发一种有效、经济的技术，能够利用植物从环境中去除砷，降低公众接触砷的风险。