Prenatal & Environment Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure: Effects on Child Regulation

产前

• 批准号: 7475195
• 负责人: Rina D Eiden
• 金额: $ 57.4万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7475195
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Affect; Age; Age-Months; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Arousal; Attention; Attenuated; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth; Blood Circulation; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cigarette; Communication; Computer Systems Development; Condition; Conduct Disorder; Control Groups; Data Analyses; Development; Disease; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Education; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Fetal Growth; Fetus; Frustration; Goals; Heart Rate; Heterogeneity; Homeostasis; Household; Infant; Informal Social Control; Institutes; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Lead; Life; Link; Maternal Age; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Mothers; NIH Program Announcements; Nervous System Physiology; Nicotine; Numbers; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Perinatal mortality demographics; Physiological; Pregnancy; Problem behavior; Procedures; Psychopathology; Purpose; Rate; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; Score; Sinus; Sleep; Smoke; Smoker; Stimulus; System; Time; Tobacco smoke; Toddler; Toxin; Visual; Week; Woman; addiction; auditory stimulus; cigarette smoking; compliance behavior; day; design; directed attention; drug of abuse; indexing; infancy; maternal cigarette smoking; model development; non-smoker; non-smoking; parental role; postnatal; prenatal; prenatal exposure; programs; respiratory; response; scaffold

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this longitudinal, multi-method study is to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to cigarettes on the development of self-regulation over the first 2 years of life. Because most women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy also have partners who smoke, children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) will also be examined. Cigarette exposure has been associated with a number of regulatory outcomes such as behavior problems, conduct disorder, and attention problems in later childhood. However, little is known about the developmental pathways to these self-regulatory outcomes among cigarette exposed children or about mediators and moderators of risk. Specific aims of this study are as follows: 1) examine direct effects of prenatal and ETS exposure on child regulation; 2) examine the association between prenatal exposure and language development and the association between language development and self-regulation at 24 months; 3) examine the role of parenting as the proximal mediator of the association between cigarette exposure and child outcomes such as reactivity and regulation at 9 and 16 months and self-regulation at 24 months; 4) examine if a cumulative family risk score, including parenting, moderates the association between cigarette exposure and child outcomes. The final sample will consist of 150 women who smoke during pregnancy and 100 non-smoking women with no ETS exposure recruited prenatally, and followed for 2 years postnatally. Assessments of physiological and behavioral reactivity and regulation will be conducted at 2, 9, and 16 months of age. These include autonomic measures such as respiratory sinus arrythmia during sleep at 2 months, and during affect arousing procedures at 9 and 16 months, as well as observational assessments of reactivity and regulation of arousal. In addition, assessments of focused attention using both physiolgoical (e.g., Heart Rate) and observational measures will be conducted at 9 and 16 months. Finally, assessments of toddler self-regulation (effortful control, compliance, behavior problems, and internalization of rules) and language development will be conducted at 24 months of age. Parenting and risk variables will be assessed at each age as potential mediators or moderators of risk. The study is guided by a developmental psychopathology framework and transactional models of child development emphasizing multiple pathways to risk. It is anticipated that this study will enrich our understanding of pathways to self-regulatory problems among children of cigarette smoking mothers and reasons for heterogeneity in outcomes among cigarette exposed toddlers.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项纵向、多方法研究的目的是调查产前接触香烟对出生后头两年自我调节能力发展的影响。由于大多数在怀孕期间吸烟的妇女也有吸烟的伴侣，因此还将检查儿童接触环境烟草烟雾的情况。接触香烟与许多调节结果有关，如儿童后期的行为问题、品行障碍和注意力问题。然而，对于吸烟儿童的这些自我调节结果的发育途径，以及风险的调节因子和调节因子，人们知之甚少。本研究的具体目的如下：1)研究产前和ETS暴露对儿童调节的直接影响；2)研究产前暴露与24月龄婴儿语言发育、语言发育与自我调节的关系；3)研究父母在卷烟暴露与儿童9、16个月时的反应性和调节能力以及24个月时的自我调节能力之间的关系中所起的近端中介作用；4)检验累积家庭风险评分（包括父母教养）是否调节了吸烟暴露与儿童结局之间的关联。最终样本将包括150名怀孕期间吸烟的妇女和100名产前招募的没有接触过ETS的不吸烟妇女，并在产后随访2年。生理和行为反应和调节的评估将在2、9和16个月时进行。这些包括自主测量，如2个月时睡眠期间的呼吸窦性心律失常，以及9个月和16个月时的影响唤醒过程，以及对反应性和唤醒调节的观察性评估。此外，将在9个月和16个月时使用生理（例如，心率）和观察措施对集中注意力进行评估。最后，在幼儿24个月大时进行自我调节（努力控制、依从性、行为问题和规则内化）和语言发展的评估。父母教养和风险变量将在每个年龄段作为潜在的中介或调节者进行评估。该研究以发展精神病理学框架和儿童发展的交易模型为指导，强调风险的多种途径。预计本研究将丰富我们对吸烟母亲的孩子自我调节问题的途径的理解，以及吸烟幼儿结果异质性的原因。