Malaria Vaccines: AMA1-C1/ISA 720

疟疾疫苗开发分支（MVDB）概述：疟疾疫苗开发分支（MVDB）是NIAID的一项倡议，与DMID密切合作，以应对全球对疟疾疫苗的需求。疟疾疫苗开发分支于2001年受委托研究、开发和生产疟疾疫苗原型，并对有希望的候选疫苗进行早期临床试验。我们的首要目标是研制疟疾疫苗，减少非洲儿童的严重疾病和死亡，并在世界低传播地区消灭疟疾。 一种无性的血液阶段疫苗将引起免疫反应，能够摧毁血液中的疟原虫或抑制疟原虫感染红细胞。 在任何一种情况下，净效应都是减少或预防寄生虫负担，从而降低疾病的发病率、严重程度或并发症。 这种疫苗将靶向血液阶段寄生虫蛋白，因为这些抗原在持续感染期间由寄生虫大量表达。 它将为婴儿的后续感染准备免疫系统，或者它将增强幼儿已经存在但较弱的天然免疫力。 此外，由多种抗原组成的疫苗将增加对疫苗的至少一种组分应答的个体的数量。 包含多态性蛋白质的多个等位基因也将使寄生虫选择的免疫压力最小化，从而降低寄生虫突破的可能性。

Malaria Vaccine Development Branch (MVDB) General Description: The Malaria Vaccine Development Branch (MVDB) is an NIAID initiative working in close collaboration with DMID to respond to the global need for vaccines against malaria. The Malaria Vaccine Development Branch (MVDB) was commissioned in 2001 to research, develop, and produce prototype malaria vaccines and conduct early-phase clinical trials of promising vaccine candidates. Our overarching goal is to develop malaria vaccines that will reduce severe disease and death among African children and eliminate malaria from low-transmission areas of the world. An asexual blood-stage vaccine will elicit immune responses capable of either destroying malaria parasites in the blood stream or inhibiting parasites from infecting red blood cells. In either case, the net effect is to reduce or prevent burden of parasites and hence decrease the incidence, severity, or the complications of disease. Such a vaccine would target blood-stage parasite proteins since these antigens are abundantly expressed by parasites during persistent infections. It would act to prime the immune system for subsequent infection in infants or it would boost already present, yet weak, natural immunity in young children. Furthermore, a vaccine composed of multiple antigens will increase the number of individuals responding to at least one component of the vaccine. The inclusion of multiple alleles of polymorphic proteins would also minimize immune pressure on parasite selection, thus decreasing the likelihood of parasite breakthrough.