Malaria Parasite Ligands And Host Cell Receptors

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Accomplishments during the year: 1. This year we showed that invasion of P. vivax required invasion of red cells by attachment of AMA1 to red cells and does not involve PvRON2. The direct binding of Plasmodium vivax AMA1 to erythrocytes defines a RON2-independent invasion pathway. Lee SK, Low LM, Andersen JF, Yeoh LM, Valenzuela Leon PC, Drew DR, Doehl JSP, Calvo E, Miller LH, Beeson JG, Gunalan K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Jan 3;120(1):e2215003120. 2. Develop the evidence that CR1 binds the P. vivax EBP. Not submitted for publication. 3. The Duffy blood group is a critical receptor for Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) invasion of red blood cells, and consequently, P. vivax infections were considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa where the prevalence of Duffy-negativity is high. However, recently, P. vivax infections have been found in Duffy-negative Africans throughout the malaria transmission area of sub-Saharan Africa, raising important questions concerning the molecular composition of these P. vivax clones and the red blood cell receptors that facilitate their invasion. Here, we describe an unusually high number of P. vivax infections in febrile Duffy-negative Africans in Dschang, Cameroon (177 of 500 outpatients), as compared with Santchou (two of 400 outpatients) and Ky-ossi (two of 101 outpatients), in other areas in Cameroon. In the discussion, we speculate on the possible reasons why Dschang might account for the unusually large numbers of P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative individuals living there. "Plasmodium vivax Infections Detected in a Large Number of Febrile Duffy-Negative Africans in Dschang, Cameroon. Ghyslaine Bruna Djeunang Dongho, Karthigayan Gunalan, Mariangela L'Episcopia, Giacomo Maria Paganotti, Michela Menegon, Rose Efeutmecheh Sangong, Georges Bouting Mayaka, Joseph Fondop, Carlo Severini, Martin Sanou Sobze, Louis H Miller , Gianluca Russo.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Jan 12;104(3):987-992. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1255. 4. Test DON for treatment of malaria in Malawi under FDA approval. 5. Work with Prakash Srinivasan and Patrick Duffy on a vaccine against P. falciparum. Not finished yet.