FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE SONG MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM

宋电机控制系统的功能组织

• 批准号: 7533339
• 负责人: MARC F SCHMIDT
• 金额: $ 29.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7533339
• 关键词: Acoustics; Back; Behavior; Birds; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Complex; Condition; Disruption; Elements; Eye Movements; Fire - disasters; Generations; Goals; Human; Individual; Lesion; Link; Location; Maps; Measurement; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Motor Pathways; Motor output; Muscle; Nature; Neurons; Organ; Output; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peripheral; Play; Population; Production; Property; Prosencephalon; Public Health; Range; Recurrence; Respiration; Respiratory System; Role; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Songbirds; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Stereotyped Behavior; Stimulus; Structure; Syringes; System; Telencephalon; Thalamic structure; Time; Work; awake; insight; motor control; motor learning; neural circuit; neuroregulation; pressure; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory; response; vocal control; vocal learning; vocalization; zebra finch

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With the exception of relatively simple rhythmic motor patterns, models of motor control often place most of their emphasis on the telencephalon. This is certainly true for the production of learned vocal behaviors where the brainstem is viewed primarily as an output pathway for motor commands generated in the forebrain. With the recent exception of the motor control of eye movement, little is known about how brainstem nuclei involved in motor output might directly influence the generation of motor commands in the telencephalon. The experiments described in this proposal are aimed at elucidating the role of the respiratory brainstem in song pattern generation and more generally how the brainstem influences motor command generations in the forebrain. We focus our efforts on two nuclei, PAm and DM, which form a critical link in the recurrent song system network. They each receive direct input from the descending motor pathway and projecting bilaterally back to HVC, a key forebrain vocal control nucleus, via the intermediary of the thalamic relay nucleus Uva. We hypothesize that these nuclei play a critical role in synchronizing premotor activity in both hemispheres during key transitions in the song. These experiments are important because Uva lesions completely disrupt song behavior and because of our near complete lack of understanding of the functional role of the vocal-respiratory brainstem in song pattern generation. In the first aim, we propose to characterize neural properties in PAm and DM and evaluate their functional relationship to neurons in their primary input and output structures. We will perform these experiments in restrained sleeping birds. This allows a greater range of experimental accessibility, such as paired recordings. We will use several experimental paradigms, including stimulus-evoked vocalizations and song presentation, that can "drive" the motor system in order to examine network properties under conditions that approach vocal production. In the second aim, we will record from single neurons in both PAm and DM in awake vocalizing birds to gain insight into their firing properties during vocal production. We will carefully quantify the relationship between activity patterns and vocal output. In the final aim, we will investigate the relationship, during vocal production, between input-output networks of neurons in the vocal-respiratory brainstem. We will take advantage of the variability in song output across renditions to inform us about the role of each of these different structures in song pattern generation. Understanding the emerging principles of brainstem-to-forebrain motor signaling and the role the respiratory system might play in vocal control will provide insight into the neural control of complex motor behavior including human speech production and its pathologies PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Brainstem respiratory networks are not well integrated within the context of vocal production because they are often viewed exclusively as output structures. In this proposal, we aim to investigate the nature of brainstem-to-forebrain motor signaling and the role the respiratory system plays in vocal control. This work will provide insight into the neural control of complex motor behavior, including human speech production and its pathologies.

描述（由申请人提供）：除了相对简单的节律运动模式外，运动控制模型通常将大部分重点放在端脑上。这对于产生习得的发声行为来说当然是正确的，脑干主要被视为前脑产生的运动指令的输出通路。除了最近的眼球运动的运动控制，很少有人知道如何脑干核参与运动输出可能会直接影响端脑运动指令的产生。本提案中描述的实验旨在阐明呼吸脑干在歌曲模式生成中的作用，以及脑干如何影响前脑中的运动命令生成。我们把精力集中在两个核心，PAm和DM，这形成了一个关键环节，在经常性的歌曲系统网络。它们每个都接受下行运动通路的直接输入，并通过丘脑中继核Uva向两侧投射回HVC，HVC是一个关键的前脑发声控制核。我们假设这些核团在歌曲的关键转换过程中，在同步两个半球的运动前活动中发挥着关键作用。这些实验是重要的，因为UVA损伤完全破坏了歌曲行为，因为我们几乎完全缺乏对声音呼吸脑干在歌曲模式生成中的功能作用的理解。在第一个目标中，我们提出了PAm和DM的神经特性的特点，并评估其功能的神经元在其主要的输入和输出结构的关系。我们将在被束缚的睡眠中的鸟身上进行这些实验。这允许更大范围的实验可访问性，例如配对记录。我们将使用几个实验范例，包括刺激诱发的发声和歌曲呈现，可以“驱动”运动系统，以检查网络属性的条件下，接近发声。在第二个目标中，我们将记录从单个神经元在两个PAm和DM在清醒发声鸟类，以了解他们的放电特性在发声。我们将仔细量化活动模式和声音输出之间的关系。在最后的目标，我们将调查之间的关系，在发声过程中，在发声呼吸脑干神经元的输入输出网络。我们将利用歌曲输出在不同版本中的变化来告诉我们这些不同结构在歌曲模式生成中的作用。了解脑干到前脑运动信号传导的新兴原理以及呼吸系统在发声控制中可能发挥的作用，将有助于深入了解复杂运动行为的神经控制，包括人类言语产生及其病理学公共卫生相关性脑干呼吸网络并没有很好地整合在声音产生的背景下，因为它们通常被视为专门的输出结构。在这个提议中，我们的目标是调查脑干到前脑运动信号的性质和呼吸系统在发声控制中的作用。这项工作将提供深入了解复杂运动行为的神经控制，包括人类语言产生及其病理学。