Pesticide Exposure Assessment

农药暴露评估

• 批准号: 7337140
• 负责人: Asa Bradman
• 金额: $ 11.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7337140
• 关键词: Age; Agriculture; Biological; Biological Markers; Birth; Blood; California; Cesarean section; Child; Cohort Studies; Collection; Colostrum; Communities; Consumption; Cross-Over Studies; Data; Data Set; Diet; Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution; Enrollment; Excretory function; Exposure to; Fetus; Food; Gender; Goals; Gold; Home environment; Homes for the Aged; Hour; Household; Infant; Intervention; Latina; Latino; Life; Low income; Measures; Modeling; Mothers; Nursery Schools; Occupations; Organophosphates; Pathway interactions; Patient currently pregnant; Pesticides; Phase; Physiological; Policies; Population; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Randomized; Relative (related person); Saliva; Sampling; School-Age Population; Seasons; Source; Spottings; Standards of Weights and Measures; Time; Umbilical Cord Blood; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; Urination; Urine; Week; Woman; Work; base; cohort; design; elementary school; farm worker; food quality; fruits and vegetables; member; neonatal exposure; neonate; pesticide exposure; urinary; validation studies

Recent studies demonstrate widespread pesticide exposures to pregnant women, fetuses, and young children. We have documented pesticide exposures to primarily low-income Latina pregnant women and their children. Pregnant women in our population had higher urinary metabolite levels compared to national eference data; metabolite levels were also higher immediately after birth, suggesting that physiological changes at parturition could increase neonatal exposures. We have also found that nearby pesticide use, the presence of farmworker household members, and the consumption of fruits and vegetable was associated with higher metabolite levels in infants. Our Specific Aims for the next five years are: (1) to evaluate changes in pre- and postpartum maternal pesticide excretion and to develop PBPK models describing the peripartum period; (2) to identify the best and most convenient biological media for assessing exposure to OP pesticides in children; (3) to quantify the relative contribution of diet to children's OP pesticide exposures in agricultural and urban communities; and (4) to characterize urinary OP metabolite levels in preschool and school-aged children and identify correlates of exposure. To meet Aim 1, we will enroll 30 women planning delivery by Cesarean section and analyze OP pesticides or metabolites in urine, blood, and breastmilk collected in the peripartum period. We will develop pregnancy-parturition-neonate PBPK models. To meet Aim 2, we will measure pesticides metabolites in 24-hour, first morning void, and random spot urine and saliva samples from 25 children and determine how well OP metabolite levels in the 24-hour "gold standard" measure are represented by alternative matrices. To meet Aim 3, we will conduct a two-phase cross-over trial, randomly assigning 20 children in an urban community and 20 children in an agricultural community to an organic or conventional diet for one week each. To meet Aim 4, we will measure OP pesticide exposure to children at ages 42 and 60 months and determine which factors, such as child age, home or agricultural pesticide use, season, or occupation of household members best predict these exposures. This continuation provides a unique opportunity to prospectively examine OP pesticide exposures to primarily Latino farmworker children living in an agricultural community. The overall goal of the Exposure Project is to identify the most important pesticide exposure pathways to young children so that effective and age-appropriate interventions and policies can be designed and implemented.

最近的研究表明，对孕妇，胎儿和幼儿的农药暴露广泛。 我们已经记录了主要是低收入拉丁裔孕妇及其子女的农药暴露。 与国家益处数据相比，我们人群中的孕妇的尿代谢水平更高。出生后，代谢物水平也立即较高，这表明分娩时的生理变化可能会增加新生儿暴露。我们还发现，附近的农药使用，农场工人的存在以及果实和蔬菜的消费与婴儿的代谢水平较高有关。我们未来五年的具体目的是：（1）评估产后和产后孕产妇农药排泄的变化，并开发描述围绕围绕时期的PBPK模型； （2）确定评估儿童op农药的最佳和最方便的生物学媒体； （3）量化饮食对农业和城市社区中儿童OP农药暴露的相对贡献； （4）在学龄前和学龄儿童中表征尿路OP代谢物水平，并确定暴露的相关性。为了满足AIM 1，我们将招募30名计划通过剖宫产分娩的妇女，并分析在围绕围栏期间收集的尿液，血液和母乳中的OP农药或代谢物。我们将开发怀孕 - 抑制PBPK模型。为了满足AIM 2，我们将在24小时内测量农药代谢物，第一个早晨空隙，以及25个随机尿液和唾液样品 儿童并确定24小时“黄金标准”度量中的OP代谢物水平的效果如何 由替代矩阵表示。为了满足AIM 3，我们将进行两阶段的跨界试验，在城市社区中随机分配20名儿童，在农业社区中有20名儿童进行有机或常规饮食，每周一周。为了满足AIM 4，我们将在42岁和60个月的儿童中衡量农药暴露于农药，并确定哪些因素，例如儿童年龄，家庭或农药使用，季节或家庭成员的占领，最好预测这些暴露。这个延续提供了 前瞻性地检查农药暴露于主要是农业社区中的拉丁裔农民儿童的独特机会。曝光项目的总体目标是确定对幼儿的最重要的农药暴露途径，以便可以设计和实施有效和适合年龄的干预措施和政策。