Current-Use Flame Retardants: Maternal Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Children

当前使用的阻燃剂：母亲接触和儿童神经发育

• 批准号: 8512510
• 负责人: Asa Bradman
• 金额: $ 20.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-17 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8512510
• 关键词: 7 year old; Acculturation; Address; Adult; Affect; Animal Experimentation; Animals; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Biological; Birth; California; Car Seats; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Country; DSM-IV; Data; Development; Dust; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Flame Retardants; Funding; Furniture; Future; Health; Home environment; House Dust; Household; Housing; Human; In Vitro; Intelligence; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Low income; Maternal Exposure; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Mothers; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Pentas; Performance; Pesticides; Policies; Population; Pregnant Women; Problem behavior; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Route; Salinum; Sampling; School-Age Population; Specimen; Statutes and Laws; System; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Urine; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; base; cholinergic; cohort; consumer product; demographics; density; diphenyl; exposed human population; in utero; innovation; inorganic phosphate; meetings; neurodevelopment; neurotoxic; phenyl ether; polyurethane foam; prenatal; public health relevance; teacher; urinary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) persist in the environment and have been used in consumer products since the 1970s. Restrictions on the use of penta-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have resulted in increased use of OPFRs as replacements, including the OP triesters [tris(1,3- dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)]. These chemicals are applied to polyurethane foams used in furniture, child car seats, and related products to meet federal and state flammability standards. OPFRs have been measured in >95% of house dust samples collected in the United States, as well as in the foam of numerous baby products. In another recent study, these compounds were detected in >95% of urine samples from adults. Animal research suggests that OPFRs may affect neurodevelopment through non- cholinergic mechanisms similar to some organophosphate (OP) pesticides. Despite the widespread presence of these compounds in home environments, and their structural similarity to neurotoxic OP pesticides, understanding of human exposure and health effects of OP triesters is scarce. To date, no studies have examined OPFR exposures and health effects in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children living in California, where stricter flammability standards have resulted in very high flame retardant exposures. Recently, we developed laboratory methods to measure metabolites of the high-use OPFR flame retardants TDCPP and TPP in urine. For this proposal, we will use specimens and data from the CHAMACOS study, an ongoing NIEHS-EPA funded birth cohort study of low-income residents in the Salinas Valley, CA. We propose to measure OPFR metabolites in mothers' urine and examine the association of prenatal OPFR exposure and neurodevelopment in their children at 7 years (n=330). We will also measure OPFR levels in dust samples collected from a subset of these CHAMACOS women's homes (n=125), determine the correlation between OPFRs in urine and dust, and identify predictors of home OPFR contamination. This will be the first study to: 1) evaluate predictors of OPFR contamination in homes; 2) report levels of biological measurements of exposure to OPFRs in pregnant women; and 3) study the relationship between in utero OPFR exposure and human neurodevelopment. This new information about human exposure to OPFRs will support the development of more comprehensive studies by applying innovative scientific methods to address key knowledge gaps about OPFR exposure and health effects.

描述（由申请人提供）：自1970年代以来，有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（OPFR）一直存在于环境中，并已在消费产品中使用。对使用五溴二苯基醚（PBDE）的限制，导致使用OPFR的使用增加了使用OPFR作为替代品，包括OP Triesters [Tris（1,3- DiChloro-2-丙基）磷酸盐（TDCPPP）磷酸盐（TDCPPP），Tris（Tris（Tris）（Tris（Tris））（氯丙基）磷酸盐（TC）（TC）（TC）（TC），TRIS（2-2-） （TCEP）和三苯基磷酸盐（TPP）]。这些化学物质应用于在家具，儿童座椅和相关产品中使用的聚氨酯泡沫，以符合联邦和州的易燃性标准。 OPFR已在美国收集的房屋灰尘样品中以及众多婴儿产品的泡沫中进行了测量。在最近的另一项研究中，在成年人的尿液样本中占95％。动物研究表明，OPFR可能通过类似于某些有机磷酸盐（OP）农药的非胆碱能机制影响神经发育。尽管这些化合物在家庭环境中存在广泛存在，并且它们与神经毒性农药的结构相似性，但对人类暴露和OP Triesters的健康影响的理解却很少。迄今为止，尚无研究检查OPFR暴露和健康影响，例如孕妇和居住在加利福尼亚的儿童，在加利福尼亚州，更严格的易燃性标准导致了很高的阻燃暴露。 最近，我们开发了实验室方法，用于测量尿液中高使用OPFR火焰的代谢产物TDCPP和TPP的代谢产物。对于此提案，我们将使用Chamacos研究中的标本和数据，Chamacos研究是一项正在进行的NIEHS-EPA资助的低收入居民的出生队列研究。我们建议在母亲的尿液中测量OPFR代谢产物，并检查其儿童7岁时的产前OPFR暴露和神经发育的关联（n = 330）。我们还将测量从这些Chamacos妇女房屋子集收集的灰尘样品中的OPFR水平（n = 125），确定尿液和灰尘中的OPFR之间的相关性，并确定Home OPFR污染的预测因子。 这将是：1）评估房屋中OPFR污染的预测因素； 2）报告孕妇暴露于OPFR的生物学测量水平； 3）研究子宫OPFR暴露与人类神经发育之间的关系。有关人类接触OPFR的新信息将通过应用创新的科学方法来解决有关OPFR暴露和健康影响的关键知识差距，以支持更全面的研究的发展。