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Feasibility of an innovative methodology for testing rowing shell/canoe/kayak performance, with application to numerical performance prediction

测试划艇壳/独木舟/皮划艇性能的创新方法的可行性，并应用于数值性能预测

基本信息

批准号：
EP/F006284/1
负责人：
A. H. Day
金额：
$ 11.54万
依托单位：
University of Strathclyde
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF006284%2F1
关键词：
Feasibility innovative methodology testing rowing

项目摘要

One way to improve the performance of UK competitors in rowing/paddling events is to improve the performance of their equipment; in particular the boat hulls. A lot of effort has been spent in improving the materials and construction of the hulls to make them lighter and stiffer. However comparatively little scientific effort has been spent on improving the shape of the hull to reduce the drag, especially in comparison with sailing events such as the Americas Cup. This seems particularly strange since small gains can make huge differences in results. In the mens' rowing events at the Athens Olympics, an increase in speed of 0.5% would have taken crews in six events from silver to gold medals; whilst an increase of 1% would take all eight crews from silver to gold, seven crews from bronze to gold, and even three crews from fourth place to gold. One of the few companies who have built boats based on a systematic research programme in the early 1990s, Vespoli, supplied the GB eight which won gold at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.Optimisation of conventional ships for reduced drag is generally quite well understood; computer-based drag prediction techniques are relatively accurate and reliable, whilst experiment testing methodology is also well established. However the challenges for rowed/paddles hulls are considerably greater. The propulsion of the boat is unsteady / so the thrust varies throughout the rowing/paddling stroke. This is partly due to the movement of the oars/paddles relative to the water, and partly due to the exchange of momentum between the athletes and the boat. As a consequence the speed of the boat varies throughout the stroke. In addition to this, the movement of the athletes backwards and forwards leads to a pitching motion, where the bow of the boat rises and falls. These unsteady effects lead to a variation in drag through the stroke, which makes prediction of drag considerably more difficult.Additionally, the depth of water in a typical man-made rowing facility is quite shallow. In shallow water there are some additional complications in predicting the wave system generated by the boat. This is important, since one component of the drag is related to the energy radiated from the boat through the waves generated.Since the gains which are sought by improved design are so small, the techniques used to assess designs must be highly accurate; therefore a scientific study of the design of rowing/paddling hull form for minimum drag must consider these extra effects in order to generate reliable and realistic results. The current proposal is aimed at establishing the feasibility of developing a scientific procedure which can be used to assess the performance of boats in a realistic manner, including the effects of varying speed, pitching and shallow water. The procedure consists of three components: a technique for testing model hulls in a test tank; a technique to allow the data to be analysed, and scaled to full scale, and a technique for predicting the drag numerically. An experiment rig will be designed, built and commissioned which will enable realistic motions of a scale model hull form in a test tank including both the speed variation and the pitching motion. Full-scale measurements will be made on boats being rowed; the data obtained will be used to examine the techniques for scaling the test-tank data to full scale. Finally a numerical method for unsteady drag prediction, currently under development, will be extended to address particular issues relevant to rowing/paddling hulls.If the method is feasible it is anticipated that future studies will include assessment of existing designs, and optimisation of hull-forms to produce faster boats by reducing drag under realistic conditions. It is also anticipated that fundamental understanding of these complex flow phenomena can be improved, leading to better prediction techniques for unsteady drag in the future

提高英国选手在赛艇/划桨项目中表现的一个方法是提高他们设备的性能；特别是船体。人们花费了大量的精力来改进船体的材料和结构，使它们变得更轻、更硬。然而，在改善船体形状以减少阻力方面花费的科学努力相对较少，特别是与美洲杯等帆船赛事相比。这似乎特别奇怪，因为微小的收益可能会产生巨大的结果差异。在雅典奥运会男子赛艇项目中，速度提高0.5%将使6个项目的选手从银牌到金牌；而1%的速度将使所有8个项目从银牌到金牌，7个项目从铜牌到金牌，甚至3个项目从第四名到金牌。Vespoli是20世纪90年代初基于系统研究计划建造船只的少数公司之一，它提供了在2000年悉尼奥运会上获得金牌的GB 8号船。人们通常对传统船只的减阻优化相当了解；基于计算机的阻力预测技术相对准确和可靠，同时实验测试方法也得到了很好的确立。然而，划桨船体的挑战要大得多。船的推进不稳定，因此在划船/划桨过程中推力各不相同。这部分是由于桨/桨相对于水的运动，部分是由于运动员和船之间的动量交换。结果，划船的速度在整个划水过程中各不相同。除此之外，运动员向前和向后的运动会导致船头上升和下降的俯仰运动。这些非定常效应导致划桨过程中阻力的变化，这使得阻力的预测变得相当困难。此外，典型的人造赛艇设施中的水深相当浅。在浅水中，预测由船产生的波浪系统还有一些额外的复杂问题。这一点很重要，因为阻力的一个组成部分与船通过产生的波浪辐射的能量有关。由于改进设计所寻求的收益如此之小，用于评估设计的技术必须非常准确；因此，对于最小阻力的划桨/划桨船型设计的科学研究必须考虑这些额外的影响，以便产生可靠和现实的结果。目前的建议旨在确定制定一种科学程序的可行性，该程序可用于以现实的方式评估船只的性能，包括不同速度、俯仰和浅水的影响。该程序由三个部分组成：在测试水箱中测试模型船体的技术；允许分析数据并按比例放大的技术；以及用数字预测阻力的技术。将设计、建造和调试一个实验台，该实验台将能够在测试水箱中实现比例模型船体形状的真实运动，包括速度变化和俯仰运动。将对正在划船的船只进行全尺寸测量；获得的数据将用于检查将测试水箱数据放大到全尺寸的技术。最后，目前正在开发的非定常阻力预测的数值方法将扩展到解决与划船/划桨船体相关的特定问题。如果该方法可行，预计未来的研究将包括对现有设计的评估，以及在现实条件下通过减少阻力来优化船型以生产更快的船。还可以预期的是，对这些复杂流动现象的基本理解可以得到改善，从而导致未来对非定常阻力的更好的预测技术。