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Measurement, Modelling, Mapping and Management (4M): An Evidence-Based Methodology for Understanding and Shrinking the Urban Carbon Footprint

测量、建模、绘图和管理 (4M)：理解和缩小城市碳足迹的循证方法

基本信息

批准号：
EP/F007604/2
负责人：
Kevin Lomas
金额：
--
依托单位：
Loughborough University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF007604%2F2
关键词：
Measurement Modelling Mapping Management 4M

项目摘要

Global warming is a serious threat to mankind and is exacerbated by the release of greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide. In the UK, as in other developed counties, buildings, and the activities in them, and transport generate significant carbon emissions: in the UK buildings 47% and transport 23%, and rising significantly. The UK has legally binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and has an intention to cut national CO2 emissions by 60% by 2050. The sequestration of carbon by living plants can 'lock' carbon in soils and ameliorate carbon dioxide emissions. In the UK about 80% of the population live in cities and other urban areas and these are continually expanding. One way to represent carbon emissions from different sources and to compare them is to calculate the carbon footprint. This can be done for an individual, a household, a city (or a country). There are however some difficult problems to be overcome in order to do this.The 4M project will then calculate the carbon footprint of the entire city of Leicester by:* Measuring the carbon released by traffic, and by the burning of fossil fuels in homes and places of work and the rate at which green plants and trees capture carbon and lock it in the soil;* Modelling the effects on carbon budget of road layouts, traffic volumes and traffic speeds, the way we use energy in our homes and places of work; and the way we look after green spaces;* Mapping the sources and sinks of carbon for the whole city and comparing this with the social and economic well-being of its 270,000 inhabitants; and* Management studies which will investigate how to shrink the city's carbon footpring through: changing the road network and/or the provision of better public transport; alterations to the maintenance of green spaces and the treatment of waste; the use of renewable and low energy systems to provide power and light; and the operation of individual Carbon Trading (ICT) schemes.ICT schemes give a limited carbon emissions allocation to individuals. People must emit less carbon dioxide than their limit or buy more credits. The tradeoffs that people might make, eg travelling less or buying renewable energy, will be studied. This will be one of the first studies to explore the likely impact of such schemes on the life-styles and well-being of city dwellers. The project consortium consists of the Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development (IESD) at De Montfort University the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) at the University of Leeds and the Biodiversity and Micro-ecology Group (BIOME) at Sheffield University. It is supported by both central and local government representatives and contributors form various organisations concerned with the future, more sustainable development, of cities in the UK and overseas.

全球变暖是对人类的严重威胁，并因温室气体特别是二氧化碳的释放而加剧。在英国，与其他发达国家一样，建筑物及其活动和交通运输产生了大量的碳排放：在英国，建筑物和交通运输分别为47%和23%，而且还在显著上升。英国制定了具有法律约束力的减少温室气体排放的目标，并打算到2050年将全国二氧化碳排放量减少60%。活的植物对碳的固存可以将碳“锁定”在土壤中，并改善二氧化碳的排放。在英国，大约80%的人口居住在城市和其他城市地区，这些地区正在不断扩大。一种表示不同来源的碳排放并进行比较的方法是计算碳足迹。这可以对个人、家庭、城市（或国家）进行。然而，要做到这一点，还需要克服一些困难。4 M项目将通过以下方式计算整个莱斯特市的碳足迹：* 测量交通、家庭和工作场所燃烧化石燃料所释放的碳，以及绿色植物和树木捕获碳并将其锁定在土壤中的速度;* 模拟道路布局、交通量和交通速度、我们在家庭和工作场所使用能源的方式对碳预算的影响;以及我们如何照顾绿色空间;* 绘制整个城市的碳源和碳汇图，并将其与27万居民的社会和经济福祉进行比较;以及 * 管理研究，研究如何通过改变道路网络和/或提供更好的公共交通来减少城市的碳足迹;改造绿色空间的维护和废物处理;使用可再生和低能源系统提供电力和照明;以及个人碳交易计划的运作。人们必须排放比他们的限制更少的二氧化碳，或者购买更多的信用。人们可能做出的权衡，例如减少旅行或购买可再生能源，将被研究。这将是探讨此类计划对城市居民生活方式和福祉可能产生的影响的首批研究之一。该项目联合体由德蒙福特大学能源和可持续发展研究所、利兹大学运输研究所和谢菲尔德大学生物多样性和微生态小组组成。它得到了中央和地方政府代表的支持，以及来自英国和海外关注城市未来和更可持续发展的各种组织的贡献者。