Co-production of a software tool for field-scale species distribution modelling (fs-SDM) and mapping using local biodiversity records

共同开发用于野外规模物种分布建模 (fs-SDM) 和使用当地生物多样性记录进行绘图的软件工具

• 批准号: NE/V007726/1
• 负责人: David Baker
• 金额: $ 25.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV007726%2F1
• 关键词: Co; production; software; tool; field

Summary: Research Translation Fellowship.Biodiversity underpins many of the key ecosystem services provided by multifunctional landscapes, including food and water security and human health and wellbeing. The integration of species protection within the landscape decisions process is a legal requirement under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 and a key goal of Defra's 25-year Environment Plan. Legislation mandates mitigation of impacts to biodiversity in the planning process and will soon require a policy of net gain for biodiversity in all development projects. It is only possible to provide mitigation to reduce or remove impacts if ecologists have identified the species that will be negatively affected by a proposed development. However, the precise location of species occurrence at finer scales is not known for the majority of species across the majority of locations.Planning decisions are typically made at field-scales and risks to priority species are often identified at these scales through the screening of local species occurrence records against planning proposals. The absence of records at a site is typically assumed to indicate the absence of the species, but this is a critical error, mistaking the absence-of-evidence for the evidence-of-absence. Preliminary analyses showing that a large proportion of apparent absences at a 1-hectare resolution are false absences. The consequence of these false absences is the weakening of protections for biodiversity in the landscape decisions process and an increase in project costs when the need for mitigation is discovered relatively late in the planning process. For landscape decisions to protect biodiversity effectively, field-scale information on the distribution of species must be available, particularly for priority species requiring special legal protection. Biodiversity data is now streaming into online archives as technological advances have removed many of the barriers to reporting field observations. For example, the Environmental Records Centre for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (ERCCIS) holds more than 6.5 million species records. The vast majority of biological records are collected opportunistically, without a statistically rigorous sampling strategy. Trading-off quality for quantity, both in terms of geographic and taxonomic coverage, these records provide a potential information base to develop high-resolution maps of species distributions. Species distribution models (SDMs) can be used to infer the distribution of a species across a landscape from relatively sparse survey data. These models must however be developed with considerable care in order to produce unbiased estimates of species distributions from opportunistic records.Through this Research Translation Fellowship, I will lead the co-production of a user-friendly software tool to implement field-scale species distribution modelling (fs-SDM) and mapping based on local biodiversity records. I will work alongside staff at the ERCCIS, the region's premier accredited organisation for collating, managing, and disseminating biological information. This project will unleash the potential of this vast resource and provide the toolset for ERCCIS staff, and staff at other UK biological record centres, to add-value to these records prior to dissemination. The fs-SDM package will capture the practitioner's species-specific expert knowledge to build models, but automate the modelling process itself, including the acquisition and processing of spatial data, and the optimisation and evaluation of the models. Finally, the production of easily interpretable outputs is critical and this will be developed in close collaboration with relevant end-users to ensure there is clarity and confidence in the outputs. The software will be made freely available for download via online archives to increase the availability of field-scale modelling and mapping capacity to support landscape decisions.

摘要：研究翻译奖学金。生物多样性基于多功能景观提供的许多关键生态系统服务，包括食品，水安全以及人类健康和福祉。根据《野生动植物与乡村法》 1981年的法律要求，物种保护在景观决策过程中的整合，也是Defra 25年环境计划的关键目标。立法要求在计划过程中减轻对生物多样性的影响，并将很快要求在所有开发项目中生物多样性的净收益政策。只有在生态学家确定将对拟议开发产生负面影响的物种时，才有可能提供减少或消除影响的方法。但是，在大多数地点的大多数物种中，物种出现在更细的尺度上的确切位置通常是在现场阶段做出的，并且在这些量表上通常通过筛选当地物种出现的记录来针对计划计划提案，在这些量表上经常识别出对优先物种的风险。通常假定在站点缺乏记录表明该物种的缺失，但这是一个关键错误，误认为缺乏育儿证据。初步分析表明，在1公顷的分辨率下，很大一部分显然缺席是错误的缺失。这些错误缺勤的结果是，当在计划过程中发现需要缓解需要缓解时，在景观决策过程中对生物多样性的保护措施削弱了。为了有效保护生物多样性的景观决定，必须提供有关物种分布的现场尺度信息，尤其是对于需要特殊法律保护的优先物种。由于技术进步消除了报告现场观察的许多障碍，因此生物多样性数据现在正在在线档案中流。例如，康沃尔环境记录中心和Scilly（Erccis）持有超过650万种物种记录。绝大多数生物记录是机会性的，没有统计严格的采样策略。在地理和分类学覆盖范围方面，这些记录在数量方面的交易质量提供了潜在的信息基础，以开发物种分布的高分辨率地图。物种分布模型（SDM）可用于从相对稀疏的调查数据中推断物种在景观中的分布。但是，必须经过相当多的谨慎开发这些模型，以便从机会记录中产生物种分布的无偏估计。通过此研究翻译奖学金，我将领导用户友好的软件工具的共同生产，以实现现场规模的物种分布建模（FS-SDM）和基于本地生物多样性记录。我将与该地区最重要的认可组织Erccis的员工一起工作，以整理，管理和传播生物学信息。该项目将释放这一广泛资源的潜力，并为Erccis的工作人员和其他英国生物记录中心的员工提供工具集，以在传播之前加入这些记录。 FS-SDM软件包将捕获从业者特定于物种的专家知识来构建模型，但自动化建模过程本身，包括对空间数据的获取和处理以及对模型的优化和评估。最后，易于解释的产出的生产至关重要，这将与相关最终用户密切合作开发，以确保对产出具有清晰度和信心。该软件将通过在线档案免费下载，以提高现场规模建模和映射能力以支持景观决策。

项目成果

Correlations between spatial sampling biases and environmental niches affect species distribution models

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13491
• 发表时间: 2022-03-23
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Baker, David J.;Maclean, Ilya M. D.;Gaston, Kevin J.
• 通讯作者: Gaston, Kevin J.

The effectiveness of UK protected areas in preventing local extinctions

• DOI: 10.1111/conl.12980
• 发表时间: 2023-10-03
• 期刊: CONSERVATION LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.5
• 作者: Gardner, Alexandra S.;Baker, David J.;Maclean, Ilya M. D.
• 通讯作者: Maclean, Ilya M. D.

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle

• DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14564
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Journal of Biogeography
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: D. Cox;David J. Baker;Alexandra S. Gardner;K. Gaston

Microclimates can be accurately predicted across ecologically important remote ecosystems

可以准确预测具有重要生态意义的偏远生态系统的微气候

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.14.426699
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Baker D

Evaluating models for predicting microclimates across sparsely vegetated and topographically diverse ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13398
• 发表时间: 2021-08-20
• 期刊: DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Baker, David J.;Dickson, Catherine R.;McGeoch, Melodie A.
• 通讯作者: McGeoch, Melodie A.