Common and Specific Alcohol Risk Factors in African Americans and Caucasians

描述（由申请人提供）：相当多的研究证据表明，酒精中毒的患病率（Breslau等人，2006）和酒精使用地形（Bachman，et al.，1991; Wallace，Bachman等人，2003年，美国黑人与白人相比有所不同。尽管存在这些差异，但相对较少的研究探讨了哪些因素导致非裔美国人的酗酒风险过程。基于跨文化研究的综合模型（Smith等人，二○ ○六年; Spillane & Smith，2007），拟议研究的目标是测试一个模型，检查潜在的共同（无抑制的个性，对酒精的反应，酒精预期）和特定的（社会/背景）风险因素，这些因素可以解释饮酒行为中的种族差异。假设非裔美国人的常见风险因素（例如，与高加索人相比，宗教信仰）在平均水平和与不同种族饮酒的关联方面都有差异。这些背景因素被认为限制了常见风险因素之间的关系（例如，去抑制）和饮酒。非裔美国人（n = 140）和高加索人（n = 100）受试者将纳入本研究。140名非裔美国人参与者（平均年龄= 21.87，SD = 1.17; 45%男性）完成了这项研究，作为研究非裔美国人饮酒行为遗传因素的项目的一部分（R21 AA 015218，PI：Denis M. McCarthy）。白人参与者将完成相同的酒精挑战方案。对参与者进行结构化访谈（SSAGA-II：Bucholz等人，1994）和完整的纸笔问卷评估饮酒行为，去抑制，和酒精预期在他们的第一次访问。在第二次访视时，参与者在实验室环境中饮用伏特加和奎宁水，以达到80 mg/dl（0.08%）的估计峰值BAG。在第一个小时内，每15分钟测量一次对酒精的主观和生理反应，每半小时完成三次评估。 公共卫生相关性：非裔美国人表现出与高加索人不同的饮酒模式，但对这些群体之间的风险和保护因素的差异知之甚少。检查种族群体中常见的风险因素和可能具有文化特异性的因素，可以更全面地了解非裔美国人的酒精风险过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Considerable research evidence shows that alcoholism prevalence (Breslau, et al., 2006) and alcohol use topography (Bachman, et al., 1991; Wallace, Bachman, et al., 2003) differ for African Americans compared to Caucasians. Despite these differences, relatively little research has examined what factors contribute to the alcoholism risk process in African Americans. Based on an integrative model of cross-cultural research (Smith, et al., 2006; Spillane & Smith, 2007), the goal of the proposed study is to test a model examining both potential common (disinhibited personality, response to alcohol, alcohol expectancies) and specific (social/contextual) risk factors that could account for the racial differences seen in drinking behavior. It is hypothesized that African Americans will have lower mean levels of common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) compared to Caucasians and that contextual factors (e.g., religiosity) will differ in both mean levels and association with drinking across races. These contextual factors are thought to constrain the relation between common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) and drinking. African American (n = 140) and Caucasian (n = 100) participants will be included in the study. One hundred and forty African American participants (mean age = 21.87, SD = 1.17; 45% male) have completed the study as part of a project examining genetic factors in African American drinking behavior (R21 AA015218, PI: Dr. Denis M. McCarthy). Caucasian participants will complete the same alcohol challenge protocol. Participants are administered a structured interview (SSAGA-II: Bucholz, et al., 1994) and complete paper and pencil questionnaires assessing drinking behavior, disinhibition, and alcohol expectancies during their first visit. On their second visit, participants consume vodka and tonic in a laboratory setting, to achieve an estimated peak BAG of 80 mg/dl (0.08%). Subjective and physiological responses to alcohol are measured every 15 minutes for the first hour and three more assessments are completed every half an hour. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African Americans exhibit a different drinking pattern than Caucasians, but relatively little is known about how risk and protective factors differ between these groups. Examining both risk factors that are common across racial groups and factors that may be culturally specific could provide a more complete picture of the alcohol risk process for African Americans.