Common and Specific Alcohol Risk Factors in African Americans and Caucasians

描述（由申请人提供）：大量研究证据表明，非裔美国人与白种人的酒精中毒患病率（Breslau等人，2006）和酒精使用地形（Bachman等人，1991;Wallace， Bachman等人，2003）不同。尽管存在这些差异，但相对较少的研究调查了导致非裔美国人酗酒风险过程的因素。基于跨文化研究的综合模型（Smith, et al., 2006; Spillane & Smith, 2007），本研究的目标是测试一个模型，该模型检查了潜在的共同（去抑制人格，对酒精的反应，酒精预期）和特定（社会/环境）风险因素，这些因素可以解释在饮酒行为中看到的种族差异。假设与白种人相比，非裔美国人的常见风险因素（例如，去抑制）的平均水平较低，而背景因素（例如，宗教信仰）的平均水平和与不同种族饮酒的关系都有所不同。这些背景因素被认为限制了常见风险因素（例如，去抑制）与饮酒之间的关系。非裔美国人（n = 140）和高加索人（n = 100）将被纳入研究。140名非裔美国人参与者（平均年龄21.87岁，SD = 1.17； 45%为男性）已经完成了这项研究，这是研究非裔美国人饮酒行为遗传因素项目的一部分（R21 AA015218, PI: Denis M. McCarthy博士）。白人参与者将完成同样的酒精挑战方案。对参与者进行结构化访谈（SSAGA-II: Bucholz等，1994年），并完成书面和铅笔问卷，评估他们第一次就诊时的饮酒行为、解除抑制和酒精预期。在他们的第二次访问中，参与者在实验室环境中饮用伏特加和汤力水，以达到80mg /dl（0.08%）的估计峰值BAG。在第一个小时内，每15分钟测量一次对酒精的主观和生理反应，每半小时再完成三次评估。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Considerable research evidence shows that alcoholism prevalence (Breslau, et al., 2006) and alcohol use topography (Bachman, et al., 1991; Wallace, Bachman, et al., 2003) differ for African Americans compared to Caucasians. Despite these differences, relatively little research has examined what factors contribute to the alcoholism risk process in African Americans. Based on an integrative model of cross-cultural research (Smith, et al., 2006; Spillane & Smith, 2007), the goal of the proposed study is to test a model examining both potential common (disinhibited personality, response to alcohol, alcohol expectancies) and specific (social/contextual) risk factors that could account for the racial differences seen in drinking behavior. It is hypothesized that African Americans will have lower mean levels of common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) compared to Caucasians and that contextual factors (e.g., religiosity) will differ in both mean levels and association with drinking across races. These contextual factors are thought to constrain the relation between common risk factors (e.g., disinhibition) and drinking. African American (n = 140) and Caucasian (n = 100) participants will be included in the study. One hundred and forty African American participants (mean age = 21.87, SD = 1.17; 45% male) have completed the study as part of a project examining genetic factors in African American drinking behavior (R21 AA015218, PI: Dr. Denis M. McCarthy). Caucasian participants will complete the same alcohol challenge protocol. Participants are administered a structured interview (SSAGA-II: Bucholz, et al., 1994) and complete paper and pencil questionnaires assessing drinking behavior, disinhibition, and alcohol expectancies during their first visit. On their second visit, participants consume vodka and tonic in a laboratory setting, to achieve an estimated peak BAG of 80 mg/dl (0.08%). Subjective and physiological responses to alcohol are measured every 15 minutes for the first hour and three more assessments are completed every half an hour. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African Americans exhibit a different drinking pattern than Caucasians, but relatively little is known about how risk and protective factors differ between these groups. Examining both risk factors that are common across racial groups and factors that may be culturally specific could provide a more complete picture of the alcohol risk process for African Americans.