Neural Circuits and Function in Primary Visual Cortex

初级视觉皮层的神经回路和功能

• 批准号: 7484929
• 负责人: EDWARD M CALLAWAY
• 金额: $ 46.92万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7484929
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Address; Amblyopia; Animals; Antibodies; Appendix; Area; Axon; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Childhood; Chromosome Pairing; Code; Complex; Dendrites; Dorsal; Dyes; Dyslexia; Eye; Functional disorder; Genes; Genome; Glycoproteins; Goals; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Helper Viruses; Heterogeneity; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Infection; Injection of therapeutic agent; Knowledge; Label; Laboratories; Link; Location; Macaca; Mediating; Methods; Monkeys; Morphology; Neurons; Numbers; Ocular Physiology; Output; Pathway interactions; Presynaptic Terminals; Primates; Principal Investigator; Process; Progress Reports; Property; Publishing; Pulvinar structure; Rabies; Rabies virus; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Site; Slice; Source; Staining method; Stains; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Synapses; System; Thalamic structure; Time; Tissue Stains; Tissues; Tracer; Travel; V1 neuron; Viral; Virus; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; Work; area MT; area striata; base; cell type; computerized; excitatory neuron; extracellular; extrastriate; in vivo; inhibitory neuron; koniocellular; langanite; neural circuit; neuron component; neuronal cell body; novel; receptive field; research study; response; spatiotemporal; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tool; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual perception is mediated by complex interactions amongst neurons in the retina, visual cortex, and subcortical brain structures. The importance of vision to humans and other primates is reflected in the enormous percentage of cerebral cortex devoted to processing visual information. Thus, deficits in visual processing are particularly debilitating and arise from abnormalities not only in the eye, but also in cortical circuitry. For example, strabismus or amblyopia during childhood can have long-lasting effects on the cortical circuits that process visual information. There is also evidence that some forms of dyslexia result from central visual system abnormalities. The proposed studies are aimed at understanding the organization and function of neural circuits to, from, and within the primary visual cortex (V1), with the broader objective of understanding how neural circuits mediate visual perception. In particular, these studies aim to identify: 1) the detailed morphological properties of V1 cell types that project to particular extrastriate visual cortical areas and subcortical structures; 2) the sources of direct local input to V1 neurons with projections to particular extrastriate visual cortical areas and subcortical structures; 3) the retinal ganglion cell types that provide input, via the LGN, to functionally and anatomically distinct compartments in V1; and 4) how the in vivo visual response properties of individual, identified neurons correlate with the connectivity of these same cell types, as revealed by our previous and ongoing in vitro studies. The first 3 goals will be achieved using novel viral circuit tracing tools developed in the principal investigator's laboratory. These tools allow complete filling of identified projection neurons and monosynaptically-restricted transynaptic labeling from specific projection neurons. The last aim is accomplished by recording visual responses of V1 neurons and labeling them with dye to correlate anatomically distinct cell types with function. The proposed studies will allow an unprecedented view of visual cortical circuits - they will reveal the detailed connectivity of neurons in visual cortex and how these circuits relate to the functional properties of the component neurons. Lay summary: Deficits in visual processing are particularly debilitating and arise from abnormalities not only in the eye, but also in cortical circuitry. The proposed studies will reveal the normal organization and function of visual cortical circuits, which is necessary to understand the underlying causes of visual dysfunction.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉感知由视网膜、视觉皮层和皮层下脑结构中神经元之间的复杂相互作用介导。视觉对人类和其他灵长类动物的重要性反映在大脑皮层中用于处理视觉信息的巨大比例上。因此，视觉处理的缺陷特别使人衰弱，并且不仅是由于眼睛的异常，而且也是由于皮层回路的异常。例如，儿童时期的斜视或弱视会对处理视觉信息的皮层回路产生长期影响。也有证据表明，某些形式的诵读困难是由中央视觉系统异常引起的。拟议的研究旨在了解神经回路的组织和功能，从初级视觉皮层（V1），并在内部，更广泛的目标是了解神经回路如何介导视觉感知。特别是，这些研究旨在确定：1）投射到特定纹外视皮层区域和皮层下结构的V1细胞类型的详细形态学特性; 2）投射到特定纹外视皮层区域和皮层下结构的V1神经元的直接局部输入的来源; 3）视网膜神经节细胞类型，其通过LGN向V1中功能和解剖学上不同的隔室提供输入;以及4）如我们先前和正在进行的体外研究所揭示的，个体的体内视觉响应特性、所识别的神经元如何与这些相同细胞类型的连接性相关。前3个目标将使用主要研究者实验室开发的新型病毒回路追踪工具实现。这些工具允许完全填充识别的投射神经元和来自特定投射神经元的单突触限制的跨突触标记。最后一个目的是通过记录V1神经元的视觉反应并用染料标记它们以将解剖学上不同的细胞类型与功能相关联来实现的。拟议的研究将允许视觉皮层电路的前所未有的视图-他们将揭示视觉皮层神经元的详细连接以及这些电路如何与组成神经元的功能特性相关。敷设总结：视觉处理的缺陷特别使人衰弱，不仅是眼睛的异常，而且是皮层回路的异常。这些研究将揭示视觉皮层回路的正常组织和功能，这对于理解视觉功能障碍的潜在原因是必要的。