Future Probability and Past Discounting by Active Methamphetamine Users

活跃甲基苯丙胺使用者的未来概率和过去折扣

• 批准号: 7472752
• 负责人: Richard Yi
• 金额: $ 7.24万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7472752
• 关键词: 12 year old; Accident and Emergency department; Address; Admission activity; Affect; Age-Years; American; Amphetamine Dependence; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Weight decreased; Brain imaging; Chemical Burns; Chemical Exposure; Chemicals; Child; Chronic; Convulsions; Crime; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Exhibits; Expenditure; Funding; Future; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Hallucinations; Home environment; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Injury; Knowledge; Laboratories; Law Enforcement; Laws; Literature; Maintenance; Medical; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methamphetamine; Methods; Neurologic; Numbers; Outcome; Paranoia; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prevention; Prevention program; Probability; Process; Production; Property; Psyche structure; Public Health; Publishing; Punishment; Rate; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Seizures; Social Distance; Soil; Structure; Substance Abuse, Other; Time; Today; Toxic effect; Translational Research; Treatment Protocols; United States; United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Violence; Withdrawal; behavior influence; biobehavior; discount; discounting; drug of abuse; experience; insight; neglect; physical abuse; prevent; psychologic; remediation; respiratory; social; trafficking; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Methamphetamine (MA), like other drugs of abuse, poses a significant personal and societal threat in the United States. Furthermore, MA use appears to be increasing while use of many other drugs of abuse is declining. To gain a greater insight into the initiation, maintenance, and consequences of MA use and abuse, we must examine the factors that covary with drug dependence. One variable that has been found to covary with drug-dependence status is future discounting. Future discounting refers to the subjective decrease in the value of an outcome that is at some temporal distance in the future. Rate of future discounting is higher in various drug-dependent populations (relative to controls), including abstinent MA users. However, recent exploration of the discounting construct indicates that subjective value of outcomes decrease as a function of other dimensions of psychological distance: namely past temporal distance, probabilistic distance, and social distance. To date, no studies have comprehensively examined the various form of discounting by active MA users. Furthermore, no studies have comprehensively examined the relationships between the various forms of discounting. Given the public health implications of MA use and abuse, it is important to expand current knowledge about future, past, probability, and social discounting by active MA users relative to non-users. This research may provide new insights into the variables that affect decision-making in general, and MA and other forms of drug dependence in particular, leading to new modules of treatment that supplement effective treatments regimens in use today. The long-term objective of this line of research is to further knowledge about the variables that influence behavior such as MA use, and to facilitate the development of comprehensive treatment programs for drug dependence. The first specific aim of this proposal is to compare and contrast future, past, probability, and social discountin by active MA users and non-users. The second specific aim of this proposal is to evaluate possible relationships between the various forms of discounting (future, past, probability, social). If discounting by active MA users are found to be greater than that by non-using controls, and the various forms of discounting are found to be related, the current knowledge regarding the variables that affect MA (and other drug use) use could supplement methods current used to prevent and treat MA use and abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Methamphetamine use, abuse, and dependence is a growing concern in the United States, contributing to a variety of personal and societal consequences including medical illness, psychiatric disorder, violence, and environmental toxicity. Effective prevention and treatment of current MA use, abuse, and dependence is necessary in order to address these significant consequences. The current proposal attempts to examine behavioral phenomena relevant to active MA use and other forms of drug dependence.

描述（由申请人提供）：甲基苯丙胺（MA），像其他滥用药物一样，在美国构成了重大的个人和社会威胁。此外，MA的使用似乎在增加，而许多其他滥用药物的使用则在减少。为了更深入地了解MA使用和滥用的启动、维持和后果，我们必须研究与药物依赖相关的因素。已发现与药物依赖状态协变的一个变量是未来贴现。未来贴现是指在未来某个时间段内，结果价值的主观减少。在各种药物依赖人群（相对于对照组）中，包括戒断的MA使用者，未来折扣率较高。然而，最近对折扣结构的探索表明，结果的主观价值随着心理距离的其他维度（即过去时间距离、概率距离和社会距离）的变化而降低。到目前为止，还没有研究全面审查各种形式的折扣活跃的MA用户。此外，还没有研究全面考察各种形式的折扣之间的关系。鉴于MA使用和滥用的公共卫生影响，重要的是要扩大目前的知识，未来，过去，概率，和社会折扣的积极MA用户相对于非用户。这项研究可能会为影响决策的变量提供新的见解，特别是MA和其他形式的药物依赖，从而产生新的治疗模块，补充当今使用的有效治疗方案。这一系列研究的长期目标是进一步了解影响MA使用等行为的变量，并促进制定药物依赖的综合治疗方案。本建议的第一个具体目标是比较和对比未来，过去，概率，和社会折扣活跃的MA用户和非用户。本建议的第二个具体目标是评估各种形式的贴现（未来、过去、概率、社会）之间可能存在的关系。如果发现活跃的MA使用者的折扣大于不使用对照组的折扣，并且发现各种形式的折扣是相关的，则当前关于影响MA（和其他药物使用）使用的变量的知识可以补充当前用于预防和治疗MA使用和滥用的方法。公共卫生关系：在美国，甲基苯丙胺的使用、滥用和依赖日益受到关注，导致各种个人和社会后果，包括医疗疾病、精神障碍、暴力和环境毒性。有效预防和治疗目前的MA使用，滥用和依赖是必要的，以解决这些重大后果。目前的建议试图研究与活跃的MA使用和其他形式的药物依赖相关的行为现象。