Soft Commitment as a Mechanism to Prevent Preference Reversals in Smokers

软承诺作为防止吸烟者偏好逆转的机制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8432858
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    1999-04-08 至 2016-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking, like other forms of drug dependence, poses a significant health threat in the United States. Public awareness campaigns have expanded the public's knowledge of the consequences of cigarette smoking, and the majority of smokers express a desire to quit. However, the vast majority of smokers fail in their attempts to abstain from cigarette smoking; a failure of self-control. Our long-term goal is to further knowledge about the variables that influence failures of self-control in an effort to facilitate the development of comprehensive treatment programs for dependence on cigarettes and other drugs of abuse. We will examine the phenomenon of failed abstinence efforts in the context of preference reversals, a phenomenon where a larger and more-delayed reward is preferred to a smaller but less-delayed when both outcomes are temporally distal, but switches to the smaller reward as time passes and both rewards become more proximal. These preference reversals may provide a framework for understanding why a cigarette smoker plans to quit smoking, but fails to initiate or maintain a quit attempt. A mechanism called soft commitment has been proposed to prevent these preference reversals, where repeated choice for the larger, more-delayed reward while the reward is distal develops response persistence for that alternative that is maintained even as the reward becomes more proximal. We hypothesize that a soft commitment mechanism can prevent or limit preference reversals. In Specific Aim 1, we will determine if cigarette smokers exhibit earlier preference reversals than nonsmokers. In Specific Aim 2, we will compare different models of delay discounting on their ability to predict the temporal location of preference reversal. In Specific Aim 3, we will examine the efficacy of a soft commitment procedure in preventing preference reversals in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. In Specific Aim 4, we will determine the efficacy of soft commitment procedures when a cigarette smoker is experiencing nicotine withdrawal. If soft commitment does prevent preference reversals in human cigarette smokers, such procedures might be modified to prevent preference reversals when the preference reversal results in failures of abstinence attempts.
描述(由申请人提供):吸烟,像其他形式的药物依赖,在美国构成重大的健康威胁。公众意识运动扩大了公众对吸烟后果的了解,大多数吸烟者表达了戒烟的愿望。然而,绝大多数吸烟者在戒烟的尝试中失败了;自我控制的失败。我们的长期目标是进一步了解影响自我控制失败的变量,以促进对香烟和其他滥用药物依赖的综合治疗方案的发展。我们将在偏好逆转的背景下研究失败的禁欲努力的现象,这种现象是指当两种结果在时间上都是远端时,更大和更延迟的奖励比更小但延迟更少的奖励更受欢迎,但随着时间的推移,两种奖励都变得更接近,就会切换到更小的奖励。这些偏好逆转可以提供一个框架,以理解为什么吸烟者计划戒烟,但未能启动或保持戒烟尝试。人们提出了一种称为软承诺的机制来防止这些偏好逆转,即当奖励在远端时,重复选择更大、更延迟的奖励会产生对该替代品的反应持久性,即使奖励变得更近。我们假设,软承诺机制可以防止或限制偏好逆转。在具体目标1中,我们将确定吸烟者是否比不吸烟者更早地表现出偏好逆转。在具体目标2中,我们将比较不同的延迟贴现模型预测偏好逆转时间位置的能力。在具体目标3中,我们将检验软承诺程序在防止吸烟者和非吸烟者偏好逆转方面的有效性。在具体目标4中,我们将确定当吸烟者正在经历尼古丁戒断时软承诺程序的有效性。如果软承诺确实可以防止人类吸烟者的偏好逆转,那么可以修改此类程序,以防止偏好逆转导致禁欲尝试失败时的偏好逆转。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(27)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
A review of computer-based interventions used in the assessment, treatment, and research of drug addiction.
  • DOI:
    10.3109/10826084.2011.521066
  • 发表时间:
    2011
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2
  • 作者:
    Bickel WK;Christensen DR;Marsch LA
  • 通讯作者:
    Marsch LA
Sexual Probability Discounting: A Mechanism for Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Undergraduate Students.
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10508-018-1155-1
  • 发表时间:
    2019-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.8
  • 作者:
    Berry MS;Johnson PS;Collado A;Loya JM;Yi R;Johnson MW
  • 通讯作者:
    Johnson MW
INTERTEMPORAL DECISION-MAKING FOR A GROUP.
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf03395733
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.3
  • 作者:
    Yi, Richard;King, Leila F.;Carter, Anne E.;Landes, Reid D.;Bickel, Warren K.
  • 通讯作者:
    Bickel, Warren K.
Alternate versions of a fixed-choice, delay-discounting assessment for repeated-measures designs.
用于重复测量设计的固定选择延迟贴现评估的替代版本。
  • DOI:
    10.1037/pha0000211
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.3
  • 作者:
    Kuang,Jinyi;Milhorn,Hannah;Stuppy-Sullivan,Allison;Jung,Soyeon;Yi,Richard
  • 通讯作者:
    Yi,Richard
Uncommitted Commitment: Behavioral Strategy to Prevent Preference Reversals.
未承诺的承诺:防止偏好逆转的行为策略。
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s40614-019-00229-8
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2
  • 作者:
    Yi,Richard;Milhorn,Hannah;Collado,Anahi;Tormohlen,KaylaN;Bettis,Jama
  • 通讯作者:
    Bettis,Jama
{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}

Richard Yi其他文献

Richard Yi的其他文献

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

{{ truncateString('Richard Yi', 18)}}的其他基金

Development of smoking cessation interventions informed by temporal discounting
通过时间折扣制定戒烟干预措施
  • 批准号:
    9258417
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Development of smoking cessation interventions informed by temporal discounting
通过时间折扣制定戒烟干预措施
  • 批准号:
    8581034
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Remediation of elevated delay discounting in mid-life individuals: A stage-II trial
中年个体延迟折扣升高的补救措施:第二阶段试验
  • 批准号:
    10189464
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Development of smoking cessation interventions informed by temporal discounting
通过时间折扣制定戒烟干预措施
  • 批准号:
    9056585
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Remediation of elevated delay discounting in mid-life individuals: A phase-II trial
中年个体延迟折扣升高的补救措施:II 期试验
  • 批准号:
    9565688
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Remediation of Elevated Delay Discounting in Mid-Life Individuals
中年人延迟折扣增加的补救措施
  • 批准号:
    8799700
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Development of smoking cessation interventions informed by temporal discounting
通过时间折扣制定戒烟干预措施
  • 批准号:
    8884528
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Remediation of elevated delay discounting in mid-life individuals: A stage-II trial
中年个体延迟折扣升高的补救措施:第二阶段试验
  • 批准号:
    9791145
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Future Probability and Past Discounting by Active Methamphetamine Users
活跃甲基苯丙胺使用者的未来概率和过去折扣
  • 批准号:
    7472752
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
Future Probability and Past Discounting by Active Methamphetamine Users
活跃甲基苯丙胺使用者的未来概率和过去折扣
  • 批准号:
    7623157
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:

相似海外基金

Transcriptional assessment of haematopoietic differentiation to risk-stratify acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
造血分化的转录评估对急性淋巴细胞白血病的风险分层
  • 批准号:
    MR/Y009568/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
Combining two unique AI platforms for the discovery of novel genetic therapeutic targets & preclinical validation of synthetic biomolecules to treat Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
结合两个独特的人工智能平台来发现新的基因治疗靶点
  • 批准号:
    10090332
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Acute senescence: a novel host defence counteracting typhoidal Salmonella
急性衰老:对抗伤寒沙门氏菌的新型宿主防御
  • 批准号:
    MR/X02329X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
Cellular Neuroinflammation in Acute Brain Injury
急性脑损伤中的细胞神经炎症
  • 批准号:
    MR/X021882/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
KAT2A PROTACs targetting the differentiation of blasts and leukemic stem cells for the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
KAT2A PROTAC 靶向原始细胞和白血病干细胞的分化,用于治疗急性髓系白血病
  • 批准号:
    MR/X029557/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Combining Mechanistic Modelling with Machine Learning for Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
机械建模与机器学习相结合诊断急性呼吸窘迫综合征
  • 批准号:
    EP/Y003527/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
FITEAML: Functional Interrogation of Transposable Elements in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
FITEAML:急性髓系白血病转座元件的功能研究
  • 批准号:
    EP/Y030338/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
STTR Phase I: Non-invasive focused ultrasound treatment to modulate the immune system for acute and chronic kidney rejection
STTR 第一期:非侵入性聚焦超声治疗调节免疫系统以治疗急性和慢性肾排斥
  • 批准号:
    2312694
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
ロボット支援肝切除術は真に低侵襲なのか?acute phaseに着目して
机器人辅助肝切除术真的是微创吗?
  • 批准号:
    24K19395
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
Acute human gingivitis systems biology
人类急性牙龈炎系统生物学
  • 批准号:
    484000
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Operating Grants
{{ showInfoDetail.title }}

作者:{{ showInfoDetail.author }}

知道了