Future Probability and Past Discounting by Active Methamphetamine Users

活跃甲基苯丙胺使用者的未来概率和过去折扣

• 批准号: 7623157
• 负责人: Richard Yi
• 金额: $ 7.25万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7623157
• 关键词: 12 year old; Accident and Emergency department; Address; Admission activity; Affect; Age-Years; American; Amphetamine Dependence; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Weight decreased; Brain imaging; Chemical Burns; Chemical Exposure; Chemicals; Child; Chronic; Convulsions; Crime; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Exhibits; Expenditure; Funding; Future; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Hallucinations; Home environment; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Injury; Knowledge; Laboratories; Law Enforcement; Laws; Literature; Maintenance; Medical; Mental disorders; Methamphetamine; Methods; Neurologic; Outcome; Paranoia; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prevention; Prevention program; Probability; Process; Production; Property; Psyche structure; Public Health; Publishing; Punishment; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Seizures; Social Distance; Soil; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Time; Toxic effect; Translational Research; Treatment Protocols; United States; United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Violence; Withdrawal; behavior influence; biobehavior; depression; discount; discounting; drug of abuse; effective therapy; experience; insight; meetings; methamphetamine abuse; neglect; physical abuse; prevent; psychologic; public health relevance; remediation; respiratory; social; trafficking; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Methamphetamine (MA), like other drugs of abuse, poses a significant personal and societal threat in the United States. Furthermore, MA use appears to be increasing while use of many other drugs of abuse is declining. To gain a greater insight into the initiation, maintenance, and consequences of MA use and abuse, we must examine the factors that covary with drug dependence. One variable that has been found to covary with drug-dependence status is future discounting. Future discounting refers to the subjective decrease in the value of an outcome that is at some temporal distance in the future. Rate of future discounting is higher in various drug-dependent populations (relative to controls), including abstinent MA users. However, recent exploration of the discounting construct indicates that subjective value of outcomes decrease as a function of other dimensions of psychological distance: namely past temporal distance, probabilistic distance, and social distance. To date, no studies have comprehensively examined the various form of discounting by active MA users. Furthermore, no studies have comprehensively examined the relationships between the various forms of discounting. Given the public health implications of MA use and abuse, it is important to expand current knowledge about future, past, probability, and social discounting by active MA users relative to non-users. This research may provide new insights into the variables that affect decision-making in general, and MA and other forms of drug dependence in particular, leading to new modules of treatment that supplement effective treatments regimens in use today. The long-term objective of this line of research is to further knowledge about the variables that influence behavior such as MA use, and to facilitate the development of comprehensive treatment programs for drug dependence. The first specific aim of this proposal is to compare and contrast future, past, probability, and social discountin by active MA users and non-users. The second specific aim of this proposal is to evaluate possible relationships between the various forms of discounting (future, past, probability, social). If discounting by active MA users are found to be greater than that by non-using controls, and the various forms of discounting are found to be related, the current knowledge regarding the variables that affect MA (and other drug use) use could supplement methods current used to prevent and treat MA use and abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Methamphetamine use, abuse, and dependence is a growing concern in the United States, contributing to a variety of personal and societal consequences including medical illness, psychiatric disorder, violence, and environmental toxicity. Effective prevention and treatment of current MA use, abuse, and dependence is necessary in order to address these significant consequences. The current proposal attempts to examine behavioral phenomena relevant to active MA use and other forms of drug dependence.

描述(申请人提供)：甲基苯丙胺(MA)，与其他滥用药物一样，在美国构成重大的个人和社会威胁。此外，MA的使用似乎在增加，而许多其他滥用药物的使用正在减少。为了更好地了解MA使用和滥用的开始、维持和后果，我们必须检查与药物依赖相关的因素。已发现与药物依赖状态相关的一个变量是未来的折扣。未来贴现指的是在未来某个时间距离上的结果的价值的主观减少。未来的折扣率在各种药物依赖人群中(相对于对照组)更高，包括禁欲的MA使用者。然而，最近对贴现结构的探索表明，结果的主观价值作为心理距离的其他维度的函数而减少：即过去的时间距离、概率距离和社会距离。到目前为止，还没有研究全面检查活跃的MA用户的各种形式的折扣。此外，还没有研究全面考察各种形式的折扣之间的关系。考虑到MA使用和滥用对公共健康的影响，重要的是扩大当前关于活跃MA用户相对于非用户的未来、过去、概率和社会折扣的知识。这项研究可能会对影响决策的变量提供新的见解，特别是MA和其他形式的药物依赖，从而产生新的治疗模块，补充当今使用的有效治疗方案。这项研究的长期目标是进一步了解影响行为的变量，如MA的使用，并促进药物依赖综合治疗计划的发展。该建议的第一个具体目标是比较和对比活跃移动应用用户和非移动应用用户的未来、过去、概率和社会折扣。这项建议的第二个具体目标是评估各种形式的折扣(未来、过去、概率、社会)之间的可能关系。如果发现活跃的MA使用者的折扣大于不使用对照的折扣，并且发现各种形式的折扣是相关的，那么目前关于影响MA(和其他药物使用)使用的变量的知识可以补充当前用于预防和治疗MA使用和滥用的方法。公共卫生相关性：冰毒的使用、滥用和依赖在美国日益受到关注，导致各种个人和社会后果，包括医疗疾病、精神障碍、暴力和环境毒性。有效预防和治疗当前MA的使用、滥用和依赖是必要的，以解决这些严重后果。目前的提案试图检查与主动使用MA和其他形式的药物依赖相关的行为现象。