Development of Enhanced Plants for Remediation of Cadmium and Lead

开发用于修复镉和铅的强化植物

• 批准号: 7404304
• 负责人: DAVID A LEE
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: EDENSPACE SYSTEMS CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2009-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7404304
• 关键词: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Address; Arabidopsis; Area; Biomass; Brassica; Brassica juncea; Cadmium; California; Candidate Disease Gene; Development; Environment; Environmental Hazards; Environmental Impact; Environmental Pollution; Enzymes; Excision; Genes; Glutathione; Goals; Health; Heavy Metals; Home environment; Human; Laboratories; Lead; Metals; Methods; Mouse-ear Cress; Oxidative Stress; Paint; Performance; Phase; Phenotype; Plants; Play; Poison; Prevalence; Process; Pump; Range; Rest; Services; Site; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soil; Solutions; Standards of Weights and Measures; Technology; Testing; Toxic effect; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Transgenic Plants; United States; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; Vacuole; Water; base; biological adaptation to stress; cost; disease registry; hazard; improved; lead contamination; metal complex; metal poisoning; novel; remediation; toxic metal; uptake; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The heavy metals cadmium and lead are both serious environmental contaminants that are listed among the top ten hazards by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) based on their toxicity and prevalence in the environment. For example, lead contamination is widespread due to the ubiquitious use of lead based paints until 1978. Even recently, the USEPA estimated that 12 million homes have lead in their yards at levels exceeding the new 400 ppm standard for play areas, while 4.7 million homes exceed the new 1,200 ppm standard for the rest of the yard. Traditional means of remediation, excavation and removal of the contaminated soils, is not feasible for such a large area, but phytoremediation, or the use of plants to take up contaminants, can provide an alternative, cost-effective, method. While plants have been identified that can tolerate high levels of toxic metals in their environment, many of these plants are unsuitable for phytoremediation based on the low amounts of biomass they produce or their limited growing range. To improve the potential for phytoremediation of metals such as lead and cadmium, the laboratory of Dr. Julian Schroeder at the University of California, San Diego, has identified two candidate genes that have been demonstrated to increase metal tolerance and accumulation in plants. The first gene, 3-ECS encodes the key enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, an essential component in metal tolerance and the oxidative stress response. The second gene, YCF1, encodes an ABC transporter that transports glutathione metal complexes into the vacuole, sequestering the metals there and reducing cellular toxicity of the metals. These two genes will be stacked together in a single plant to test the hypothesis that they will act synergistically together and provide significantly increased tolerance. The potential of the transgenic plant for phytoremediation will be demonstrated with soil collected from contaminated sites, followed in Phase II with a field trial at one of these sites. Toxic metals such as cadmium and lead are consistently classified as among the top environmental hazards by the Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, but traditional remediation methods are too expensive to address the widespread contamination. This SBIR project will develop enhanced plants that can accumulate greater levels of cadmium and lead than naturally occurring plants, allowing for removal of the metals from contaminated soil or water. These plants could lead to novel remediation technologies with reduced environmental impact than traditional solutions.

描述（由申请人提供）：重金属镉和铅都是严重的环境污染物，这些污染物是基于环境中的毒性和普遍性的有毒物质和疾病注册机构（美国卫生和公共服务部）列出的十大危害。例如，由于使用铅基涂料的普遍使用，直到1978年，铅污染被普遍存在。即使最近，USEPA估计，1200万户房屋的码头铅的水平超过了新的400 ppm游乐区标准，而470万户房屋则超过了新的1,200 ppm标准。传统的修复，开挖和去除被污染的土壤，对于如此庞大的面积而言是不可行的，但是植物修复或使用植物来吸收污染物，可以提供一种替代性，成本效益的方法。 尽管已经鉴定出可以耐受其环境中高水平有毒金属的植物，但这些植物中的许多不适合基于其产生的生物量或有限的生长范围的植物修复。为了提高金属植物修复的潜力，例如铅和镉，加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的朱利安·施罗德博士的实验室已经确定了两个候选基因，这些基因已被证明可以增加金属耐受性和植物中的积累。第一个基因3-ECs编码谷胱甘肽合成中的关键酶，谷胱甘肽是金属耐受性和氧化应激反应的重要组成部分。第二个基因YCF1编码ABC转运蛋白，该转运蛋白将谷胱甘肽金属配合物转运到液泡中，隔离金属并降低金属的细胞毒性。这两个基因将堆叠在一起，以测试它们将协同起作用并提供耐受性显着提高的假设。转基因植物对植物修复的潜力将通过从受污染的地点收集的土壤进行证明，然后在II期中与其中一个地点进行了现场试验。镉和铅等有毒金属始终被环境保护局和美国卫生与公共服务部的最大环境危害归类，但是传统的补救方法太昂贵了，无法应对广泛的污染。该SBIR项目将开发增强的植物，比自然存在的植物可以积聚更高水平的镉和铅，从而可以从污染的土壤或水中清除金属。这些植物可能会导致与传统解决方案相比，具有降低环境影响的新型补救技术。