NUCLEOTIDE TRANSPORTATION BY A MITOCHONDRIAL CARRIER

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的水解为细胞内的许多代谢反应提供能量。在真核细胞中，ATP是由二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和无机磷在线粒体内合成的。然后，新合成的ATP被输出到细胞质中进行消费，而胞浆中的ADP被输入到线粒体中，用于ATP的再生。跨线粒体膜的adp和atp的交换是由线粒体adp/atp载体介导的，线粒体adp/atp载体是一种膜蛋白，被认为在两种不同的构象开放状态之间循环，即胞浆开放(c态)和基质开放(m态)，从而将核苷酸穿梭在线粒体膜(http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/AdpAtpCarrier/).上。载流子的c-态是结构上唯一已知的态[1]。因此，交换周期中涉及的载体的构象变化仍然难以捉摸。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for numerous metabolic reactions in a cell. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized inside the mitochondria from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. The newly synthesized ATP is then exported to the cytoplasm to be consumed, while cytosolic ADP is imported to the mitochondria for ATP regeneration. The exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial membrane is mediated by the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, a membrane protein which has been proposed to cycle between two conformationally distinct states, cytosolic-open (c-state) and matrix-open (m-state), thereby shuttling nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane (http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/AdpAtpCarrier/). The c-state of the carrier is the only structurally known state [1]. As a result, conformational changes of the carrier involved in an exchange cycle remained elusive.